Fig. 2

Comparison of sperm viability status between study groups. A substantial reduction in sperm viability (% of live sperm) was recorded in the group with obesity compared to the other group (p = 0.0059). Furthermore, we observed a significant increase in the percentage of late apoptotic sperm in the group with obesity compared to the other group (p = 0.0011). There were no significant differences between groups in terms of early apoptosis and necrosis (p > 0.05). All data are presented as Mean ± SEM. The independent sample t-test with Welch’s correction was conducted (*P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, and *** P < 0.001). Abbreviations: ns not significant