Table 1 General characteristics among men in infertile couples with and without metabolic syndrome
Characteristics | Total (n = 195) | Metabolic syndrome | P-valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
MetS (n = 47) | Non-MetS (n = 148) | |||
Age (years) (mean ± SD) | 34.73 ± 5.51 | 36.21 ± 3.82 | 34.26 ± 5.88 | 0.03 |
Infertility type [n (%)] | ||||
Primary | 128 (65.6%) | 31 (24.2%) | 97 (75.8%) | 0.85 |
Secondary | 67 (34.4%) | 16 (24.2%) | 50 (75.8%) | |
Male factor Infertility [n (%)] | 101 (51,8%) | 25 (53.2%) | 76 (51.4%) | 0.83 |
Mump | 19 (9.7%) | 5 (10.6%) | 14 (9.5%) | 0.78 |
Testicular infection | 1 (0.5%) | 1 (2.1%) | 0 (0%) | 0.24 |
Sexually Transmitted Diseases | 2 (1.0%) | 2 (4.3%) | 0 (0%) | 0.06 |
Urogenital surgery | 5 (2.6%) | 2 (4.3%) | 3 (2.0%) | 0.60 |
Varicocele | 11 (5.6%) | 5 (10.6%) | 6 (4.1%) | 0.14 |
Female factor infertility [n(%)] | 120 (61.5%) | 29 (61.7%) | 91 (61.5%) | 0.98 |
Unexplained infertility [n(%)] | 17 (8.7%) | 3 (6.4%) | 14 (9.5%) | 0.77 |
BMI (kg/m2) (mean ± SD) | 22.93 ± 2.96 | 25.14 ± 3.01 | 22.22 ± 2.58 | 0.00 |
< 23 [n (%)] | 102 (52.3%) | 12 (11.8%) | 90 (88.2%) | 0.00 |
≥ 23 [n (%)] | 93 (47.7%) | 35 (37.6%) | 58 (62.4%) | |
WC (cm) (mean ± SD) | 82.55 ± 8.60 | 71.21 ± 9.27 | 62.01 ± 7.81 | 0.00 |
WHR (mean ± SD) | 0.87 ± 0.06 | 0.91 ± 0.07 | 0.86 ± 0.051 | 0.00 |
Blood pressure (mean ± SD) | ||||
SBP, (mmHg) | 112.64 ± 7.87 | 112.87 ± 7.85 | 112.57 ± 7.90 | 0.82 |
DBP, (mmHg) | 71.33 ± 5.53 | 72.34 ± 6.24 | 71.01 ± 5.26 | 0.15 |
Lipid profile (mean ± SD) | ||||
Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.77 ± 0.92 | 5.3 ± 0.99 | 4.59 ± 0.83 | 0.00 |
Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 2.21 ± 1.30 | 3.31 ± 1.15 | 1.86 ± 1.14 | 0.00 |
LDL-C (mmol/L) | 3.22 ± 0.87 | 3.69 ± 0.86 | 3.07 ± 0.82 | 0.00 |
HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.22 ± 0.31 | 1.02 ± 0.23 | 1.29 ± 0.31 | 0.00 |
Fasting glucose (mmol/L) (mean ± SD) | 5.47 ± 0.88 | 6.16 ± 1.18 | 5.25 ± 0.62 | 0.00 |
Alcohol consumption [n (%)] | ||||
Yes | 45 (23.1%) | 10 (21.3%) | 35 (23.6%) | 0.74 |
No | 150 (76.9%) | 37 (78.7%) | 113 (76.4%) | |
Smoking [n (%)] | ||||
Yes | 34 (17.4%) | 11 (23.4%) | 23 (15.5%) | 0.22 |
No | 161 (82.6%) | 36 (76.6%) | 125 (84.5%) | |
Fresh semen analysis (mean ± SD) | ||||
pH | 7.08 ± 0.26 | 7.11 ± 0.29 | 7.08 ± 0.25 | 0.80 |
Sexual abstinence (days) | 4.20 ± 1.31 | 3.96 ± 1.25 | 4.28 ± 1.33 | 0.15 |
Semen volume (ml) | 1.84 ± 0.95 | 1.90 ± 1.04 | 1.82 ± 0.93 | 0.70 |
Sperm count (× 106/ml) | 33.80 ± 12 | 35.89 ± 14.28 | 33.13 ± 14.62 | 0.26 |
Sperm vitality (%) | 81.44 ± 7.63 | 82.62 ± 5.93 | 81.07 ± 8.08 | 0.27 |
Progressive motility (%) | 33.26 ± 10.84 | 35.30 ± 9.61 | 32.61 ± 11.16 | 0.14 |
Normal sperm morphology (%) | 3.89 ± 2.22 | 4.21 ± 2.33 | 3.79 ± 2.18 | 0.22 |