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Table 2 Effects of different treatments on sperm abnormalities

From: Rubus apetalus (Rosaceae) improves spermatozoa characteristics, antioxidant enzymes and fertility potential in unilateral cryptorchid rats

Sperm morphological abnormalities

Groups

Abnormal head (%)

Abnormal tail (%)

Tailless head (%)

Cytoplasmic droplet (%)

Right testis

Left testis

Right testis

Left testis

Right testis

Left testis

Right testis

Left testis

2 weeks

N

4.11 ± 0.59

3.86 ± 0.40

3.73 ± 0.36

3.52 ± 0.26

3.88 ± 0.58

3.81 ± 0.86

4.3 ± 0.90

4.39 ± 1.19

SO

3.84 ± 0.46

3.48 ± 0.36

4.07 ± 0.50

4.87 ± 0.40]

3.28 ± 0.69

3.30 ± 1.62

2.72 ± 0.91

2.43 ± 1.08

DW

0#, c, ¤

21.41 ± 1.79#, c

0#, c, ¤

21.17 ± 3.30#, c

0#, c, ¤

7.56 ± 1.43#, c

0#, c, ¤

9.44 ± 0.61#, c

VIT E

0#, c,¤

4.71 ± 0.62***

0#, c, ¤

5.90 ± 0.62***

0#, c, ¤

5.29 ± 1.27

0#, c, ¤

5.29 ± 1.27

AE 12

0#, c, ¤

10.01 ± 2.59***

0#, c, ¤

12.32 ± 1.77*

0#, c, ¤

7.30 ± 1.58

0#, c, ¤

6.33 ± 1.33

AE 60

0#, c, ¤

7.34 ± 0.36***

0#, c, ¤

8.49 ± 1.89***

0#, c, ¤

5.98 ± 1.63

0#, c, ¤

6.31 ± 0.89

ME 12

0#, c, ¤

11.12 ± 0.59***

0#, c, ¤

15.59 ± 1.54*

0#, c, ¤

6.41 ± 1.73

0#, c, ¤

6.19 ± 0.5

ME 60

0#, c, ¤

6.93 ± 1.13***

0#, c, ¤

11.91 ± 0.57**

0#, c, ¤

4.17 ± 0.40

0#, c, ¤

3.74 ± 0.75**

4 weeks

N

3.22 ± 0.42

3.96 ± 0.45

3.97 ± 0.46

3.42 ± 0.47

3.25 ± 0.94

3.70 ± 0.61

4.18 ± 1.04

4.74 ± 0.99

SO

3.28 ± 0.27

3.98 ± 0.51

4.28 ± 0.31

5.02 ± 0.53

4.91 ± 0.92

3.58 ± 0.83

3.56 ± 0.77

3.13 ± 0.76

DW

0#, c, ¤

23.51 ± 1.29#, c

0#, c, ¤

22.15 ± 2.30#, c

0#, c, ¤

8.34 ± 0.94#, c

0#, c, ¤

10.14 ± 1.50#, c

VIT E

0#, c, ¤

6.80 ± 0.52***

0#, c, ¤

4.30 ± 0.42***

0#, c, ¤

6.19 ± 1.40

0#, c, ¤

6.22 ± 1.37

AE 12

0#, c, ¤

12.04 ± 1.34***

0#, c, ¤

11.52 ± 1.86*

0#, c, ¤

8.91 ± 1.24

0#, c, ¤

7.66 ± 1.91

AE 60

0#, c, ¤

5.25 ± 0.47***

0#, c, ¤

7.57 ± 1.32***

0#, c, ¤

4.80 ± 1.52

0#, c, ¤

5.10 ± 0.54

ME 12

0#, c, ¤

12.42 ± 0.67***

0#, c, ¤

14.09 ± 1.64*

0#, c, ¤

7.48 ± 0.97

0#, c, ¤

8.21 ± 0.75

ME 60

0#, c, ¤

5.99 ± 0.97***

0#, c, ¤

10.82 ± 0.68**

0#, c, ¤

4.65 ± 0.49

0#, c, ¤

3.14 ± 0.86**

8 weeks

N

4.25 ± 0.45

4.26 ± 0.56

3.92 ± 0.32

3.17 ± 0.16

3.70 ± 0.46

3.95 ± 0.26

5.09 ± 0.75

5.49 ± 1.09

SO

3.52 ± 0.41

3.47 ± 0.30

3.96 ± 0.39

3.87 ± 0.50

6.41 ± 0.88

5.07 ± 0.94

4.73 ± 0.39

3.85 ± 0.45

DW

0#, c, ¤

22.47 ± 1.39#, c

0#, c, ¤

21.17 ± 3.35#, c

0#, c, ¤

8.56 ± 1.43#, c

0#, c, ¤

9.56 ± 0.66#, c

VIT E

0#, c, ¤

4.70 ± 0.61***

0#, c, ¤

5.90 ± 0.98***

0#, c, ¤

5.29 ± 1.27

0#, c, ¤

5.29 ± 1.27

AE 60

0#, c, ¤

7.6 ± 2.15***

0#, c, ¤

9.40 ± 2.20**

0#, c, ¤

7.60 ± 1.17

0#, c, ¤

4.40 ± 0.75**

ME 60

0#, c, ¤

5.55 ± 1.44***

0#, c, ¤

9.63 ± 1.55**

0#, c, ¤

7.18 ± 0.55

0#, c, ¤

1.18 ± 0.59***

  1. All values are expressed as mean ± SEM. Number of rats per group = 5
  2. N normal, SO sham operated, DW distilled water, VIT E vitamin E, AE aqueous extract, ME methanolic extract
  3. #: p < 0.001 compared to normal; c: p < 0.001compared to sham operated; *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001 compared to DW; ¤: p < 0.001 compared to left testis (same group)