Fig. 1

Schematic diagram of PLCζ domains. The most conserved region among PLCs is the XY linker region, which hydrolyses PIP₂, which triggers the InsP₃/Ca²⁺ pathway [26]. The EF regions, which enhance PLCζ stability and Ca²⁺ binding, significantly contribute to the high PLCζ sensitivity to Ca²⁺ [16]. Moreover, EF domains binding to the C2 region, bend the PLCζ to a specific configuration, which exposes the catalytic X and Y domains and enables efficient PIP₂ hydrolysis [27]. The XY-linker domain is another key regulator of the catalytic domains