Table 1 Effects of in vitro culture and freezing on sperm parameters

Effect of freezing (difference after thawing-before freezing)

 Motility D0^c

−6.0 ± 13.7

0.0003

40

  Average motility after thawing D0

1.9 ± 4.8

  Average motility before freezing D0

7.9 ± 14.7

 Motility D1^d

−6.3 ± 9.9

0.0003

43

  Average motility after thawing D1

3.4 ± 7.6

  Average motility before freezing D1

9.7 ± 12.7

 Viability D0

−25.2 ± 18.3

<0.0001

40

  Average viability after thawing D0

54.4 ± 16.5

  Average viability before freezing D0

79.6 ± 11.9

 Viability D1

−20.8 ± 15.6

<0.0001

33

  Average viability after thawing D1

51.0 ± 18.9

  Average viability before freezing D1

71.8 ± 13.7

Effect of in vitro culture (difference after in vitro culture-before in vitro culture)

 Motility

+2.8 ± 12.0

0.0161

47

  Average motility after in vitro culture D1 before freezing

10.7 ± 13.55

  Average motility before in vitro culture D0 before freezing

7.9 ± 14.6

 Viability

−8.3 ± 13.8

0.0070

35

  Average viability after in vitro culture D1 before freezing

71.0 ± 13.7

  Average viability before in vitro culture D0 before freezing

79.3 ± 12.4

Effect of freezing and in vitro culture (difference D1-D0 after thawing)

 Motility

+1.4 ± 5.4

0.0895

44

  Average motility after thawing D0

2.0 ± 4.9

  Average motility after thawing D1

3.4 ± 7.6

 Viability

−2.0 ± 21.6

0.7201

34

  Average viability after thawing D0

54.0 ± 16.8

  Average viability after thawing D1

52.0 ± 17.7