Skip to main content
Download PDF
  • Azoospermies Secrétoires
  • Published:

Qualité du gamète testiculaire

Testicular gamete quality

Andrologie volume 11, pages 133–141 (2001)Cite this article

Résumé

Le recueil des spermatozoïdes testiculaires (TESE), suivi de la microinjection dans le cytoplasme ovocytaire (ICSI) a modifié radicalement la prise en charge des patients présentant une azoospermie sécrétoire. Cependant, les anomalies du processus spermatogénétique conduisent à s’interroger sur la qualité des gamètes recueillis au cours de la biopsie testiculaire quand on sait que le spermatozoïde est l’aboutissement d’une évolution séquentielle et programmée. Cette revue a pour objet:

  1. 1.

    De rappeler brièvement les modalités de synthèse des protéines constitutives du spermatozoïde;

  2. 2.

    De préciser les caractéristiques des spermatozoïdes prélevés dans le testicule;

  3. 3.

    D’évaluer l’incidence des anomalies nucléaires sur les résultats cliniques de I’ICSI.

Abstract

The combination of testicular sperm extraction (TESE) and ICSI has constituted a breakthrough in the treatment of men with nonobstructive azoospermia. However, impaired spermatogenesis raises the question of the quality of testicular spermatozoa obtained by testicular biopsy, when considering the male gamete as the product of a sequential and programmed spermatogenic process. The aim of this paper is: 1) To briefly recall the successive events of sperm protein synthesis; 2) To define the characteristics of sperm cells retrieved from the testis and 3) To evaluate the effect of nuclear anomalies on the outcome of ICSI.

Références

  1. BACCETTI B., COLLODEL G., PIOMBONI P.: Apoptosis in human ejaculated sperm cells (notulae seminologicae, 9). J. Submicrosc. Cytol. Pathol., 1996, 28: 587–596.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. BACHTELL N.E., CONAGHAN J., TUREK P.J.: The relative viability of human spermatozoa from the vas deferens, epididymis and testis before and after cryopreservation. Hum. Reprod., 1999, 14: 3048–3051.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. BARROSO G., MORSHEDI M., OEHNINGER S.: Analysis of DNA fragmentation, plasma membrane translocation of phosphatidylserine and oxidative stress in human spermatozoa. Hum. Reprod., 2000, 15: 1338–1344.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. BIANCHI P.G., MANICARDI, G.C., BIZZARO D., BIANCHI U., SAKKAS D.: Effect of deoxyribonucleic acid protamination on fluorochrome staining and in situ nick-translation of murine and human mature spermatozoa. Biol. Reprod., 1993, 49: 1083–1088.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. BIZZARO D., MANICARDI G.C., BIANCHI P.G., BIANCHI U., MARIETHOZ E., SAKKAS D.: In-situ competition between protamine and fluorochromes for sperm DNA. Mol. Hum. Reprod., 1998, 4: 127–132.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. CHEN J.L., LONGO F.J.: Expression and localization of DNA topoisomerase II during rat spermatogenesis. Mol. Reprod. Dev., 1996, 45: 61–71.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. DADOUNE J.P.: The nuclear status of human sperm cells. Micron, 1995, 26: 323–345.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. EDDY E.M.: Regulation of gene expression during spermatogenesis. Semin. Cell. Dev. Biol., 1998, 9: 451–457.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. GANDINI L., LOMBARDO F., PAOLI D., CAPONECCHIA L., DONDERO F.: Apoptosis in ejaculated human spermatozoa. Int. J. Androl., 1998, 21 (suppl): 16.

    Google Scholar 

  10. GHAZZAWI I.M., SARRAF M.G., TAHER M.R., KHALIFA F.A.: Comparison of the fertilizing capability of spermatozoa from ejaculates, epididymal aspirates and testicular biopsies using intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Hum. Reprod., 1998, 13: 348–352.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. GORCZYCA W., TRAGANOS F., JESIONOWSKA H., DARZYNKIEWICZ Z.: Presence of DNA strand breaks and increased sensitivity of DNA in situ to denaturation in abnormal human sperm cells: analogy to apoptosis of somatic cells. Exp. Cell. Res., 1993, 207: 202–205.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. HECHT N.B.: The making of a spermatozoon: a molecular perspective. Dev. Genet., 1995, 16: 95–103.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. HECHT N.B.: Molecular mechanisms of male germ cell differentiation. Bioessays, 1998, 20: 555–561.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. HUGHES C.M., MCKELVEY-MARTIN V.J., LEWIS S.E.: Human sperm DNA integrity assessed by the Comet and ELISA assays. Mutagenesis, 1999, 14: 71–75.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. JOHNSON L., NEAVES, W.B., BARNARD J.J., KEILLOR G.E., BROWN S.W., YANAGIMACHI R.: A comparative morphological study of human germ cells in vitro or in situ within seminiferous tubules. Biol. Reprod., 1999, 61: 927–934.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. JURISICOVA A., LOPES S., MERIANO J., OPEDISANO L., CASPER R.F., VARMUZA S.: DNA damage in round spermatids of mice with a targeted disruption of the Pp1cgamma gene and in testicular biopsies of patients with non-obstructive azoospermia. Mol. Hum. Reprod., 1999, 5: 323–330.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. LE LANNIC G., ARKHIS A., VENDRELY E., CHEVAILLIER P., DADOUNE J.P.: Production, characterization, and immunocytochemical applications of monoclonal antibodies to human sperm protamines. Mol. Reprod. Dev., 1993, 36: 106–112.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. LIN W.W., LAMB D.J., WHEELER T.M., LIPSHULTZ L.I., KIM E.D.: In situ end-labeling of human testicular tissue demonstrates increased apoptosis in conditions of abnormal spermatogenesis. Fertil. Steril., 1997, 68: 1065–1069.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. LOPES S., SUN J.G., JURISICOVA A., MERIANO J., CASPER R.F.: Sperm deoxyribonucleic acid fragmentation is increased in poor-quality semen samples and correlates with failed fertilization in intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Fertil. Steril., 1998, 69: 528–532.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. MANICARDI G.C., BIANCHI P.G., PANTANO S., et al.: Presence of endogenous nicks in DNA of ejaculated human spermatozoa and its relationship to chromomycin A3 accessibility. Biol. Reprod., 1995, 52: 864–867.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. MANICARDI G.C., TOMBACCO A., BIZZARO D., BIANCHI U., BIANCHI P.G., SAKKAS D.: DNA strand breaks in ejaculated human spermatozoa: comparison of susceptibility to the nick translation and terminal transferase assays Histochem J., 1998, 30: 33–39.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. MCPHERSON S., LONGO F.J.: Chromatin structure-function alterations during mammalian spermatogenesis: DNA nicking and repair in elongating spermatids. Eur. J. Histochem., 1993, 37: 109–128.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. MCPHERSON S.M., LONGO F.J.: Nicking of rat spermatid and spermatozoa DNA: possible involvement of DNA topoisomerase II. Dev. Biol., 1993, 158: 122–130.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. MORSE-GAUDIO M., RISLEY M.S.: Topoisomerase II expression and VM-26 induction of DNA breaks during spermatogenesis in Senopus laevis. J. Cell. Sci., 1994, 107: 2887–2898.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. NAGY Z.P., VERHEYEN G., TOURNAYE H., VAN STEIRTEGHEM A.C.: Special applications of intracytoplasmic sperm injection: the influence of sperm count, motility, morphology, source and sperm antibody on the outcome of ICSI. Hum. Reprod. 1998, 13 (Suppl. 1): 143–154.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. O’BRIEN D.A., BELLVE A.R.: Protein constituents of the mouse spermatozoon. II. Temporal synthesis during spermatogenesis. Dev. Biol., 1980, 75: 405–418.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. PALERMO G.D., COHEN J., ALIKANI M., ADLER A., ROSENWAKS Z.: Development and implementation of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Reprod. Fertil. Dev., 1995, 7: 211–217.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. PAYNE D., MATTHEWS C.D.: Intracytoplasmic sperm injection—clinical results from the reproductive medicine unit, Adelaide. Reprod. Fertil. Dev., 1995 7: 219–227.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. PENTIKAINEN V., ERKKILA K., DUNKEL L.: Fas regulates germ cell apoptosis in the human testisin vitro. Am. J. Physio., 1999, 276: E 310–316.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. PRIGENT Y., MULLER S., DADOUNE J.P.: Immunoelectron microscopical distribution of histones H2B and H3 and protamines during human spermiogenesis. Mol. Hum. Reprod., 1996, 2: 929–935.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. PRINT C.G., LOVELAND K.L.: Germ cell suicide: new insights into apoptosis during spermatogenesis. Bioessays, 2000, 22: 423–430.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. SAILER B.L., JOST L.K., EVENSON D.P.: Mammalian sperm DNA susceptibility to in situ denaturation associated with the presence of DNA strand breaks as measured by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase assay. J. Androl., 1995, 16: 80–87.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. SAKKAS D., MANICARDI G., BIANCHI P.G., BIZZARO D., BIANCHI U.: Relationship between the presence of endogenous nicks and sperm chromatin packaging in maturing and fertilizing mouse spermatozoa. Biol. Reprod., 1995, 52: 1149–1155.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. SAKKAS D., URNER F., BIANCHI P.G.,et al.: Sperm chromatin anomalies can influence decondensation after intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Hum. Reprod., 1996, 11: 837–843.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. SAKKAS D., URNER F., BIZZARO D.,et al.: Sperm nuclear DNA damage and altered chromatin structure: effect on fertilization and embryo development. Hum. Reprod., 1998, 13 (Suppl. 4): 11–19.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. SIFFROI J.P., PAWLAK A., ALFONSI M.F., TROALEN F., GUELLAEN G., DADOUNE J.P.: Expression of the TAR RNA binding protein in human testis. Mol. Hum. Reprod., 2001, 7: 219–225.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. STEGER K.: Transcriptional and translational regulation of gene expression in haploid spermatids. Anat. Embryol., (Berl) 1999, 199: 471–487.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. STEGER K., ALEITHE I., BEHRE H., BERGMANN M.: The proliferation of spermatogonia in normal and pathological human seminiferous epithelium: an immunohistochemical study using monoclonal antibodies against Ki-67 protein and proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Mol. Hum. Reprod., 1998, 4: 227–233.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. SUN J.G., JURISICOVA A., CASPER R.F.: Detection of deoxyribonucleic acid fragmentation in human sperm: correlation with fertilizationin vitro. Biol. Reprod., 1997, 56: 602–607.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. SVALANDER P., FORSBERG A.S., JAKOBSSON A.H., WIKLAND M.: Factors of importance for the establishment of a successful program of intracytoplasmic sperm injection treatment for male infertility. Fertil. Steril., 1995, 63: 828–837.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. TESARIK J., GRECO E., COHEN-BACRIE P., MENDOZA C.: Germ cell apoptosis in men with complete and incomplete spermiogenesis failure. Mol. Hum. Reprod., 1998, 4: 757–762.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. TOURNAYE H., VERHEYEN G., NAGY P.,et al.: Are there any predictive factors for successful testicular sperm recovery in azoospermic patients? Hum. Reprod., 1997, 12: 80–86.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. TWIGG J., FULTON N., GOMEZ E., IRVINE D.S., AITKEN R.J.: Analysis of the impact of intracellular reactive oxygen species generation on the structural and functional integrity of human spermatozoa: lipid peroxidation, DNA fragmentation and effectiveness of antioxidants. Hum. Reprod., 1998, 13: 1429–1436.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. TWIGG J., IRVINE D.S., HOUSTON P., FULTON N., MICHAEL L., AITKEN R.J.: Iatrogenic DNA damage induced in human spermatozoa during sperm preparation: protective significance of seminal plasma. Mol. Hum. Reprod., 1998, 4: 439–445.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. VAN STEIRTEGHEM A., NAGY P., JORIS H.et al.: The development of intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Hum. Reprod., 1996, 11 Suppl 1: 59–72; discussion 81–85.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Service d’Histologie, Biologie de la Reproduction, Cytogénétique, Hôpital Tenon, 4 rue de la Chine, 75970, Paris cedex 20

    J. P. Dadoune

Authors
  1. J. P. Dadoune
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Additional information

Communication au XVIIème Congrès de la SALF, 7–9 décembre 2000, Bordeaux.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Dadoune, J.P. Qualité du gamète testiculaire. Androl. 11, 133–141 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03036637

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03036637

Mots clés

Key-words