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  • Environnement et Reproduction
  • Stress Oxydant et Spermatozoïdes
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Composition lipidique des spermatozoides humains et susceptibilité au stress oxydant avant et après migration dans le mucus cervical

Human sperm lipid content and susceptibility to reactive oxygen species (ROS) before and after migration through human cervical mucus

Andrologie volume 13, pages 381–392 (2003)Cite this article

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L’intérêt porté aux effets physiopathologiques des dérivés actifs de l’oxygène (DAO) dans la fertilité masculine est de plus en plus important. Le spermatozoïde humain est une cellule très vulnérable au stress oxydant compte tenu de sa richesse en acides gras polyinsaturés. L’importance des dommages oxydatifs dans les spermatozoïdes dépend surtout de la capacité des fluides environnants à arrêter la chaîne de peroxydation lipidique membranaire. Les secrétions des tractus génitaux masculins et féminins constituent des microenvironnements qui jouent un rôle déterminant dans l’expression du pouvoir fécondant des spermatozoïdes via des échanges avec la membrane plasmique, et assurent une protection vis-à-vis d’un stress oxydant en maintenant l’équilibre de la balance prooxydants/antioxydants. Le déséquilibre de cette balance dans l’épididyme ou dans le sperme éjaculé, induit plusieurs dysfonctions spermatiques. En revanche, il existe de très rares données concernant les conséquences d’un stress oxydant au niveau du tractus génital féminin sur les caractéristiques spermatiques.

Après avoir abordé, sous forme d’une revue bibliographique, les modifications de la composition lipidique des spermatozoïdes au cours de leur maturation et les effets physiopathologiques des DAO sur les fonctions des spermatozoïdes humains, nous rapportons nos résultats concernant les modifications de la composition lipidique des spermatozoïdes humains après migration dans le mucus cervical et l’influence de la qualité de ce dernier sur les caractéristiques des spermatozoïdes sélectionnés après migration.

Nous avons démontré une baisse des lipides dans les spermatozoïdes humains après migration dans le mucus cervical (vitamine E, cholestérol, phospholipides diacyles, sphingomyéline et plasmalogènes). Cette baisse, associée à un enrichissement lipidique concomitant des mucus cervicaux, est en faveur d’un efflux actif des lipides membranaires des spermatozoïdes vers les glycoprotéines des mucus cervicaux. Par ailleurs, lorsque les mucus cervicaux contenaient des polynucléaires neutrrophiles (PNN), les taux de phospholipides et la quantité de DAO produite par les spermatozoïdes étaient significativement plus élevés que lorsque les spermatozoïdes avaient migré dans des mucus cervicaux dépourvus de PNN. L’infiltration des mucus cervicaux par les PNN joue un rôle possiblement délétère sur les structures et fonctions des spermatozoïdes et inhiberait l’interaction physiologique entre les spermatozoïdes et le mucus cervical.

Abstract

Spermatozoa are particularly susceptible to damage induced by ROS, especially as their plasma membrane contains large amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Mammalian sperm cells develop the capacity to fertilise ova during transport in the male and female reproductive tracts. The nature and quality of the micro-environment of the female reproductive tract are important factors for sperm selection, capacitation and subsequent acrosome reaction.In vitro experiments using capacitating media have shown remodeling of the lipid composition of the sperm membrane during these steps and the same approaches have also shown that a low level of ROS was necessary. The oxidative status of the female genital tract is therefore certainly of primary importance for the physiological maturation of the sperm cell. It has been previously reported that an inappropriate oxidative balance in the male genital tract (ie, an excessive ROS production overwhelming all antioxidant strategies) impairs the structure and several functions of sperm cells. This phenomenon may arise in the female genital tract, but has never been investigated.

The present paper is a review of the literature on these subjects and also reports our results concerning the changes in semen lipid content during cervical mucus migration and the effect of cervical mucus polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells on sperm characteristics.

We showed that the sperm levels of vitamin E, cholesterol, phospholipids, sphingomyelin and plasmalogen assessed by HPLC decreased after migration through cervical mucus. These modifications were observed in parallel with lipid enrichment of the cervical mucus, suggesting an efflux of cholesterol and lipids from sperm cells. The spermatozoa recovered postmigration in the cervical mucus were characterised by low levels of the various lipid classes.

Spermatozoa that migrated in cervical mucus samples with a considerable quantity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) also showed significantly increased levels of sphingomyelin, diacyl phospholipids and plasmalogens in comparison to spermatozoa that migrated in cervical mucus devoid of PMN. Finally, we also found that PMA-induced ROS production was significantly increased for spermatozoa treated with cervical mucus containing PMN.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Service de Biologie de la Reproduction, Hôpital Cochin, Paris

    Nozha Chakroun Feki, Pierre Jouannet & Jacques Auger

  2. INSERM unité 347, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Laboratoire de Biochimie, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre

    Patrice Therond

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  1. Nozha Chakroun Feki
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Chakroun Feki, N., Therond, P., Jouannet, P. et al. Composition lipidique des spermatozoides humains et susceptibilité au stress oxydant avant et après migration dans le mucus cervical. Androl. 13, 381–392 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03035205

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Basic and Clinical Andrology

ISSN: 2051-4190