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Les problemes d'erection: une souffrance encore trop souvent cachee

Erectile dysfunction: an all too frequently hidden problem

Résumé

De nombreuses études épidémiologiques ont montré que les problèmes d'érection étaient fréquents, particulièrement chez les sujets âgés et chez les malades chroniques. Plusieurs d'entre elles ont aussi confirmé par une méthodologie objective l'impression clinique que ces problèmes étaient à l'origine d'une importante souffrance chez l'individu qui en est atteint ainsi que chez sa partenaire. Cette souffrance tient généralement moins à la perte du plaisir sexuel qu'aux sentiments de dévalorisation, d'humiliation, sinon de culpabilité qui résultent chez l'homme de son sentiment d'être “impuissant”, ainsi qu'à l'impact sur son couple des modifications de son caractère et de ses attitudes (repli sur soi, irritabilité, évitement de la tendresse et de l'intimité), auxquels s'ajoute souvent chez la femme une remise en cause au plan de la féminité due à sa fréquente confusion entre manque d'érection et manque de désir pour elle. L'impact des troubles de l'érection déborde donc largement la sphère sexuelle, constitue pour l'homme un véritable problème d'identité, et s'étend souvent à toute la vie relationnelle et même professionnelle (perte du dynamisme et de la confiance en soi).

Plusieurs études objectives ont ainsi confirmé une diminution significative des différentes dimensions de la qualité de vie chez les hommes affectés de problèmes d'érection, ainsi qu'une amélioration significative de la qualité de vie dans son ensemble (et pas seulement de sa dimension sexuelle), et de toute une série de paramètres psychologiques (anxiété, dépression, confiance en soi dans les relations sexuelles et de couple mais aussi dans la vie socio-professionnelle, hostilité, sensitivité interpersonnelle) et des indices généraux de santé après traitement efficace des problèmes d'érection par injections intracaverneuses ou comprimés.

En dépit de la souffrance qu'entraînent les problèmes d'érection, et du fait que tant ceux-ci que cette souffrance peuvent aujourd'hui être traités efficacement, peu d'hommes les mentionnent à un médecin. Plusieurs enquêtes fixent leur proportion entre 5 et maximum 30% de l'ensemble de ceux qui ont des problèmes d'érection, alors qu'elles révèlent aussi qu'une proportion bien plus élevée aimerait être aidée à cet égard. Les hommes sont gênés d'aborder cette question du fait de la persistance des tabous religieux et socio-culturels, de leur honte, de leurs craintes d'être jugés, ou que leur problème soit divulgué, aussi parce que beaucoup craignent que leur demande soit rejetée par le corps médical, ou pensent qu'il n'existe pas de traitement pour ce type de problème, ou qu'il faut s'y résigner du fait qu'il s'agit d'une composante inéluctable du vieillissement masculin. Les enquêtes montrent qu'ils attendent du médecin qu'il pose lui-même la question de la sexualité, ce qui apparaît d'autant plus souhaitable que les problèmes d'érection sont très souvent la conséquence d'une dysfonction endothéliale susceptible de toucher d'autres vaisseaux comme les artères coronaires. Leur dépistage permet d'identifier et de corriger des facteurs de risque communs aux deux affections.

Abstract

Many epidemiological studies have demonstrated the high prevalence of erectile dysfunction, particularly among aging males and patients with chronic diseases. Many of these studies, using an objective methodology, showed that this problem induces major suffering for the patient and his partner. This suffering results less from loss of sexual pleasure than from loss of self-esteem, humiliation or guilt of being “impotent”, and from the consequences on the relationship of the patient's modified personality and attitudes (introversion, irritability, avoidance of tenderness and intimacy). These problems are also worsened by the female partner, who questions her own femininity, related, to confusion between loss of erection and lack of desire. The impact of erectile dysfunction extends well beyond sexual function, as it constitutes a real identity problem for the man, affecting his relational and work life (loss of dynamism and self-confidence).

Many objective studies have demonstrated significant improvement of various quality of life parameters after effective treatment of erectile problems with intracavernosal injections or tablets They also have shown significant improvement of global quality of life (and not only sexual quality of life) and many psychological parameters (anxiety, depression, self-confidence in sexual and marital relationships and social and work life, hostility and interrelational sensitivity). Global health indices are also improved.

Despite the suffering due to erectile problems, and the fact these problems can be effectively treated, few men mention these problems to their general practitioner. Many surveys, estimate between 5 and 30% the percentage of men with erectile dysfunction seeking medical attention, although they also reveal that a higher proportion would like to be helped. Because of religious and sociocultural taboos and their shame and fear of being judged or that their problem will be revealed, men are embarrassed to raise this question. Other causes are also involved in this phenomenon: fear that their request will be rejected by the doctor, or the belief that no treatments are available for this type of problem, or that they have to accept this problem as an inevitable part of physiological aging. Surveys confirm that patients would like their doctor to question them about their sexual functioning. This appears to be all the more desirable in that erectile problems are often due to endothelial dysfunction with may also affect other vessels such as coronary arteries. The diagnosis of these disorders could help to identify and correct the risks factors responsible for both types of this disease.

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Buvat, J., Ratajczyk, J. & Lemaire, A. Les problemes d'erection: une souffrance encore trop souvent cachee. Androl. 12, 73–83 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03034950

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