- A.M.P
- Published:
Conservation de tissu testiculaire et maturation in vitro de la lignée germinale pour préservation du potentiel de reproduction avant traitement anticancéreux chez le garçon pré-pubère
Conservation of testicular tissues and in vitro maturation of male germ cells for preservation of reproductive potential before cancer treatment in prepubertal boy
Andrologie volume 9, pages 498–504 (1999)
Résumé
La cryoconservation des spermatozoïdes avant traitement chimio-radiothérapique stérilisant permet de préserver des possibilités de reproduction chez l’homme adulte. En l’absence de spermatozoïdes matures, des mesures de préservation du potentiel de reproduction n’ont pas pu, jusqu’ici, être envisagées chez l’enfant, alors même que le taux de guérison de certaines pathologies malignes est important à cet âge. Cette revue se propose de faire le point sur les avancées récentes qui ouvrent des perspectives de conservation et de maturationin vitro de cellules germinales masculines immatures qui pourraient être prélevées chez les garçons pré-pubères avant traitement chimio-radiothérapique.
Il a été montré que certaines étapes de la méiose ont pu être réaliséesin vitro, avec obtention de spermatides à partir de spermatocytes de rats. Des spermatides rondes cryoconservées ont été utilisées pour féconder des ovocytes de souris et ont permis d’obtenir des souriceaux. Dans l’espèce humaine, des grossesses ont pu être obtenues à la suite de microinjections de spermatides rondes dans des cas d’azoospermie. Une grossesse a été rapportée en utilisant une spermatide ayant subi une cryoconservation. Ainsi le projet de prélèvement d’un fragment de parenchyme testiculaire avant traitement stérilisant, de maturationin vitro des spermatogonies jusqu’au stade de spermatide, de cryoconservation des spermatides, et de leur utilisation ultérieure pour microinjection intra-ovocytaire dans le but d’obtenir une grossesse, n’apparaît plus irréalisable, puisque chaque étape a pu être réalisée individuellement. La mise au point chez l’animal d’une telle procédure apparaît un préalable indispensable pour en étudier la faisabilité mais aussi l’innocuité avant le passage à une phase d’application clinique.
Abstract
Sperm auto-conservation before chimioradiotherapy allows preservation of future reproductive possibilities in case of malignancy in young adult male. Because of the lack of mature spermatozoa, such possibilities cannot be offered for boys before puberty, even though the rate of cure of childhood malignancies is high. This paper reviewed recent advances in reproductive technology, which open the field of withdrawal of immature germ cells in prepubertal boys for in vitro maturation and cryopreservation for future paternity. It has been shown that the main steps of male meiosis have been driven in vitro, allowing to obtain round spermatids from pachytene spermatocytes in the rat. In mice, cryopreserved round spermatids have been used for oocyte fertilization and gave rise to normal living pups. In humans pregnancies and living babies have been reported after microinjection of round spermatids in cases of azoospermia. One pregnancy has been obtained with a cryopreserved spermatid. Thus the project of withdrawal of testicular tissues before sterilizing treatment, in vitro maturation of spermatogonia into round spermatids and cryopreservation of immature germ cells for future use for assisted fertilization does not seem unrealistic since each step has been done individually. However developing animal models is necessary to study not only the efficiency of the whole procedure but also to check its harmlessness before clinical trials.
Références
ANGELOPOULOS T., KREY L., MCCULLOUGH A., ADLER A., GRIFO J.A.: A simple and objective approach to identifying human round spermatids. Hum Reprod, 1997, 12: 2208–2216.
ANTINORI S., VERSACI C., DANI G., ANTINORI M., SELMAN H.A.: Successful fertilization and pregnancy after injection of frozen-thawed round spermatids into human oocytes. Hum Reprod, 1997, 12: 554–556.
AVARBOCK M.R., BRINSTER C.J., BRINSTER R.L.: Reconstitution of spermatogenesis from frozen spermatogonial stem cells. Nature Med, 1996, 2: 693–696.
BAHADUR G., RALPH D.: Gonadal tissue cryopreservation in boys with paediatric cancers. Hum Reprod, 1999, 14: 11–17.
BRINSTER R.L., AVARBOCK M.R.: Germline transmission of donor haplotype following spermatogonial transplantation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1994, 91: 11303–11307.
BRINSTER R.L., ZIMMERMANN J.W.: Spermatogenesis following male germ-cell transplantation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1994, 91: 11298–11302.
CLOUTHIER D.E., AVARBOCK M.R., MAIKA S.D., HAMMER R.E., BRINSTER R.L.: Rat spermatogenesis in mouse testis. Nature, 1996, 381: 418–421.
FISHEL S., GREEN S., BISHOP M., et al.: Pregnancy after intracytoplasmic injection of spermatid. Lancet, 1995, 345: 1641–1642.
GNESSI L., FABBRI A., SPERA G.: Gonadal peptides as mediators of development and functional control of the testis: An integrated system with hormones and local environment. Endocrine Rev, 1997, 18: 541–609.
HUE D., STAUB C., PERRARDSAPORI M.H., et al.: Meiotic differentiation of germinal cells in three-week cultures of whole cell population from rat seminiferous tubules. Biol Reprod, 1998, 59: 379–387.
KIMURA Y., YANAGIMACHI R.: Development of normal mice from oocytes injected with secondary spermatocyte nuclei. Biol Reprod, 1995, 53: 855–862.
KIMURA Y., YANAGIMACHI R.: Mouse oocytes injected with testicular spermatozoa or round spermatids can develop into normal offspring. Development, 1995, 121: 2397–2405.
LEJEUNE H., SANCHEZ P., SAEZ J.M.: Enhancement of long-term testosterone secretion and steroidogenic enzyme expression in human Leydig cells by co-culture with human Sertoli cell-enriched preparations. Int J Androl, 1998, 21: 129–140.
MEISTRICH M.L.: Hormonal stimulation of the recovery of spermatogenesis following chemo- or radiotherapy — Review article. Apmis, 1998, 106: 37–45.
MULLER J., SKAKKEBAEK N.E.: Quantification of germ cells and seminiferous tubules by stereological examination of testicles from 50 boys who suffered from sudden death. Int J Androl, 1983, 6: 143–156.
NISTAL M., PANIAGUA R.: Occurrence of primary spermatocytes in the infant and child testis. Andrologia, 1984, 16: 532–536.
OGURA A., WAKAYAMA T., SUZUKI O., et al.: Chromosomes of mouse primary spermatocytes undergo meiotic divisions after incorporation into homologous immature oocytes. Zygote, 1997, 5: 177–182.
PANIAGUA R., NISTAL M.: Morphological and histometric study of human spermatogonia from birth to the onset of puberty. J Anat, 1984, 139: 535–552.
PERRARD-SAPORI M.H., VIGIER M., HUE D., et al.: Spermatogénèse murine in vitro: étude cytologique de l’étape méiotique. Contracept Fertil Sex, 1997, 25: 556–564.
PRAPAS Y., CHATZIPARASIDOU A., VANDERZ-WALMEN P., et al.: Spermatid injection: reconsidering spermatid injection. Hum Reprod, 1999, 14: 2186–2188.
RIVKEES S.A., CRAWFORD J.D.: The relationship of gonadal activity and chemotherapy-induced gonadal damage. JAMA, 1988, 259: 2123–2125.
SASAGAWA I., KURETAKE S., EPPIG L.J., YANAGIMACHI R.: Mouse primary spermatocytes can complete two meiotic divisions within the oocyte cytoplasm. Biol Reprod, 1998, 58: 248–254.
SCHLATT S.: Prospects and problems for germ cell transplantation in the male. Int J Androl, 1999, 22: 13–18.
SCHLATT S., ROSIEPEN G., WEINBAUER G.F., et al.: Germ cell transfer into rat, bovine, monkey and human testes. Hum Reprod, 1999, 14: 144–150.
SCHWARTZ C.L.: Long-term survivors of childhood cancer: the late effects of therapy. Oncologist, 1999, 4: 45–54.
TANEMURA K., WAKAYAMA T., KURAMOTO K., et al.: Birth of normal young by microinsemination with frozen-thawed round spermatids collected from aged azoospermic mice. Lab Anim Sci, 1997, 47: 203–204.
TESARIK J., BAHCECI M., OZCAN C., GRECO E., MENDOZA C.: Restoration of fertility by in-vitro spermatogenesis. Lancet, 1999, 353: 555–556.
TESARIK J., GRECO E., RIENZI L., et al.: Differentiation of spermatogenic cells during in-vitro culture of testicular biopsy samples from patients with obstructive azoospermia: effect of recombinant follicle stimulating hormone. Hum Reprod, 1998, 13: 2772–2781.
TESARIK J., GUIDO P., MENDOZA C., GRECO E.: Human spermatogenesis in vitro: Respective effects of follicle-stimulating hormone and testosterone on meiosis, spermiogenesis, and sertoli cell apoptosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 1998, 83: 4467–4473.
TESARIK J.N., MENDOZA C., TESTART J.: Viable embryos from injection of round spermatids into oocytes. N Engl J Med, 1995, 333: 525.
VANDERZWALMEN P., LEJEUNE B., NIJS M., et al.: Fertilization of an oocyte microinseminated with a spermatid in an in-vitro fertilization programme. Hum Reprod, 1995, 10: 502–503.
VIVIANI S., SANTORO A., RAGNI G., et al.: Gonadal toxicity after combination chemotherapy for Hodgkin’s disease. Comparative results of MOPP vs ABVD. Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol, 1985, 21: 601–605.
WEISS M., VIGIER M., HUE D., et al.: Pre- and postmeiotic expression of male germ cell-specific genes throughout 2-week cocultures of rat germinal and Sertoli cells. Biol Reprod, 1997, 57: 68–76.
ZIYYAT A., LASSALLE B., TESTART J., et al.: Flow cytometry isolation and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction characterization of human round spermatids in infertile patients. Hum Reprod, 1999, 14: 379–387.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lejeune, H., Durand, P. Conservation de tissu testiculaire et maturation in vitro de la lignée germinale pour préservation du potentiel de reproduction avant traitement anticancéreux chez le garçon pré-pubère. Androl. 9, 498–504 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03034667
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03034667