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Prostasomes, dérivés actifs de l’oxygène et sperme humain

Prostasomes, reactive oxygen species and human semen

Andrologie volume 11, pages 33–48 (2001)Cite this article

Résumé

Les prostasomes sont des vésicules lipidiques particulières sécrétées par la prostate humainne et retrouvées dans le sperme. Actuellement, aucune action spécifique ne leur a été attribuée. Cependant, les prostasomes semblent exercer un effet à différents niveaux. Par exemple, les prostasomes sont bénéfiques pour la mobilité des spermatozoïdesin-vitro et participent à l’immunomodulation exercée par le liquide séminal.

La production de dérivés actifs de l’oxygène (DAO) dans le sperme humain joue un rôle sur les capacités fonctionnelles des spermatozoïdes. La production de quantités faibles et contrôlées de DAO par les spermatozoïdes semble nécessaire à l’acquisition de leur capacités fonctionnelles. Par contre, la présence de leucocytes dans le sperme, associée à une forte production de DAO, peut se révéler néfaste pour les spermatozoïdes.

Après avoir abordé, sous forme d’une revue bibliographique, les caractéristiques structurales et fonctionnelles des prostasomes et le rôle des DAO dans le sperme humain, nous rapportons nos résultats concernant les effets des prostasomes sur la production des DAO et les conséquences sur les spermatozoïdes. Nous avons mis en évidence une fonction antioxydante des prostasomes dans le sperme humain. Elle s’exerce à la fois sur les polynucléaires neutrophiles et sur les spermatozoïdes. Le mode d’action des prostasomes est particulier puisqu’ils interviennent sur la production des DAO, en agissant notamment au niveau des membranes des polynucléaires neutrophiles. Ils entraînent une diminution de l’activité NADPH-oxydase de ces cellules associée à une rigidification de leur membrane plasmique. Au niveau des spermatozoïdes, les prostasomes protègent leurs capacités fonctionnelles lors d’un stress oxydant crée par la présence de NADPH dans le milieu.

Abstract

Prostasomes are particular lipid vesicles secreted by the human prostate and found in the semen. No specific action has yet been attributed to prostasomes, but they appear to act at various levels. For example, prostasomes enhance sperm motility in vitro and participate in the immunomodulation properties of seminal plasma.

Excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human semen has a negative influence on the functional capacities of spermatozoa. The presence of leukocytes in semen is associated with increased production of ROS that can be harmful to sperm cells, under certain conditions. Previous results tend to suggest a possible role of prostasomes on ROS production in human semen.

After reviewing the literature concerning the structural and functional characteristics of prostasomes and the role of ROS in human semen, we report our results concerning the influence of prostasomes on ROS production and the consequences on semen. We have demonstrated that prostasomes exert an antioxidant function in human semen. This function is effective both on polymorphonuclear neutrophils and on sperm cells. The mechanism of action of prostasomes is unusual, as they act on ROS production mainly on the plasma membranes of neutrophils. They induce a decrease of NADPH-oxidase activity associated with rigidification of the plasma membrane. Prostasomes protect the functional capacities of spermatozoa during an oxidative stress created by the presence of NADPH in the incubation medium.

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  1. Laboratoire de Biologie de la Reproduction-CECOS, CHU-Hôtel Dieu, 63003, Clermont-Ferrand

    F. Saez, G. Grizard & D. Boucher

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Saez, F., Grizard, G. & Boucher, D. Prostasomes, dérivés actifs de l’oxygène et sperme humain. Androl. 11, 33–48 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03034393

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Basic and Clinical Andrology

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