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Local mechanisms causing penile erection and detumescence result from variation in tone of vascular and trabecular smooth muscles and in a lesser part of striated muscles around the crura penis. All these even...
The use of transmission electron microscopy in clinical andrology is complicated by problems of classification and interpretation related to the extraordinary pleomorphism of human spermatozoa, even in fertile...
The molecular analysis of clinical syndromes involving androgen insensitivity has been facilitated by the availability of increasingly powerful molecular biological techniques. Complementary DNA of the androge...
Our knowledge of gamete interaction in vitro and in vivo has grown rapidly over the last century. Its importance has been reinforced by the development of in vitro fertilization and assisted conception procedu...
Considered as the most common male sexual problem, premature ejaculation is characterized by the absence of control over the ejaculatory reflex with a correspondingly poor perception of sexual arousal and plea...
The basis of cognitive therapy is an analysis of the way an individual thinks and perceives in order to analyse what will affect his feelings and behavior. The patterns of thoughts will determine in which way ...
Whether varicocoele should be treated while the patient is young remains controversial in spite of the high prevalence of this problem and the fact that it is believed by many to be a causative factor in male ...
A Significant number of sterile men suffer from complete azoospermia, in many cases due to mechanical obstruction of the epididymis. A precise prevalence of such cases is difficult to determine because patient...
During the past decade, various imaging method have been developed which can be used to study the male reproductive tract. Ultrasonography, especially using high frequencies (7.5 or 10 MHz) and transrectal pro...
The biochemical analysis of seminal plasma provides information on the functional status of the male accessory glands. A semen analysis evaluates the relative contribution of these various secretions as well a...
During the last few years assisted reproductive technology has seen the introduction of oocyte micromanipulation and sperm microinjection as therapeutic approaches for severe male factor infertility. However, ...
It is now possible to evaluate each specific function of the spermatozoon by diagnostic testing. These tests, which are correlated with the outcome of male factor IVF, are unnecessary in routine practice. Howe...
Numerous animal studies have shown that elevated testicular, scrotal or ambient temperature induces alterations in spermatogenesis that reduce fertility. In this study, fertilization rate and embryonic mortali...
Because spermatogenesis is typically normal in men with bilateral agenesis of the vas deferens, epididymal sperm recovery for subsequent use in in-vitro fertilization (IVF) has recently been proposed for such ...
Normal sexual development in man is the consequence of a complex process. This review focuses on the translation of genedal sex (XX or XY karyotype) into gonadal sex (testis or ovary). During the last three ye...
Although the existence of heat exchange between the testicular artery and the adjacent veins is well known, it may be insufficient to maintain the lower temperature of the testis. In order to investigate the r...
The epididymis and vas deferens constitute not only a simple conduit for sperm transport but also play an important physiological role in the development of sperm fertilizing ability. The epithelial compartmen...
Recent experimental studies showed an important role of endothelium derived relaxing factor (EDRF) for cavernous smooth muscle relaxation. Since nitric oxide (NO) seems to account for the biological actions of...
Intracavernosal injections of vaso-active agents were a major breakthrough in the investigation and treatment of impotence. However the first generation agents (papaverine ± phentolamine, phenoxybenzamine) res...
If real priapism is relatively rare, prolonged erection resulting from intracavernous injections is a more and more frequent andrologic emergency. Its diagnosis only rests on physical examination. It requires ...
The sexual problems of the patients with renal failure seem to us a good example of the relationship between sexology and somatic diseases. Multidisciplinary work seems necessary, between somatic physicians, p...
The epidermoid cancer of the male penis is a little frequent tumor. At early stage, the treatment is conservative (curi therapy and laser therapy). At advanced stage the treatment of the primary lesions is amp...
To date only 3 pregnancies have been reported following treatment of emission failure. We report the fourth one obtained from a male with an history of retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy. Pharmacological treatmen...
The structural quality of sperm chromatin of 101 semen samples used in IVF was studied by a simple method. The embryo-cleavage is significantly lower when more than 20% of the spermatozoa show an abnormal chro...
We have examined the IVF results in couples in which the husband had low fructose level as the only abnormal semen parameter. Oocyte cleavage level and pregnancy rate were not different in this group when comp...
A comparative study between three methods of semen analysis reveals that the full automated CMA system gives higher values for sperm concentration than the mean of the three methods, probably due to misclassif...
This is a review of work to define immunosuppressive components of seminal plasma. Much of the work in this text has been undertaken directly or in collaboration by the Department of Surgery, Western General H...
Human prostatic secretion contains only a few major proteins among which one finds albumin, acid phosphatase, prostate specific antigen (PSA), prostatic secretory protein of 94 amino acids (PSP94), Zn-α2-glycopro...
Epithelial cells of mammalian epididymis produced acid and neutral α-glucosidases (α-G) which are either modulated by hormonal systemic influences or by local factors arising from the rete testis fluid. In thi...
The role of the pineal gland and of its main hormone, melatonin, has not yet been clearly defined. The best known activity of the gland is antigonadal, at least in the experimental animals. In fact, the admini...
Intracavernosal injections of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) have induced positive erectile responses in 70% of subjects investigated. Mild pain was reported in 15% of cases, with only 5% describing the pain as annoy...
Doppler investigation play a more and more important role among non invasive investigations to detect penile arterial obstruction because it is simple and costless. However, continuous doppler system gives few...
During the last two years, 381 impotent patients have been tested, 174 with papaverine and 207 with prostaglandin E1 (PGE1: Alprostadil). More positive responses were obtained using PGE1 (76.8%) than papaverin...
The authors report their experience of 414 injections of prostaglandin E1 (prostine). The diagnostic orientation between functional or organic impotence was assessed through questionaires and more particularly...
Since 1982, many substances have been injected intracavernosally to produce erections in impotent men. Because the first-generation drugs (phenoxybenzamine, papaverine) were associated with severe side-effects...
Prostaglandins (PGs) discovered in 1930 are derived from prostanoic acid and are present in the prostate and seminal vesicles. Every tissue is capable of producing PGs from cell membranes by the action of cycl...
Investigation of the intracavernosal tissue (ICT) is an important factor in understanding the mechanisms of erection. Histological examination at the ultrastructural level and computerized image analysis are d...
This study reports the results of 1080 rigidometry tests performed as the initial investigations on impotent subjects since 1987, comprising 920 visual stimulation tests and 160 nocturnal erection recordings. ...
Until recently, the erectile tissues were considered a simple sponge, passively filled or emptied by an imbalance between arterial and venous flows. In reality, the erectile tissues themselves control eretion ...
Basic and Clinical Andrology is the official journal of the French Society of Andrology (SALF).
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