Table 1 Baseline characteristics of clinical data of asthenozoospermia in each group
Groups Parameters | PA-LC + CoQ10 (n = 63) | PA-LC (n = 55) | PA-CoQ10 (n = 48) | OR-LC + CoQ10 (n = 66) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Patient (Male) Age (Year) | 31 (22, 46) | 30 (23, 47) | 30 (21, 46) | 30 (22, 46) | 0.116†|
Spouse (female) Age (Year) | 30 (21, 37) | 29 (23, 40) | 29 (21, 40) | 29 (21, 39) | 0.203†|
Semen parameters | |||||
 Abstinence time (Day) | 3 (2, 5) | 3 (2, 7) | 3 (2, 7) | 3 (2, 7) | 0.129†|
 Semen volume (ml) | 4.2 ± 0.9 | 4.0 ± 0.8 | 3.8 ± 0.8 | 3.7 ± 0.8 | 0.003†|
 pH | 7.40 ± 0.2 | 7.4 ± 0.2 | 7.4 ± 0.2 | 7.4 ± 0.2 | 0.563†|
 Liquefaction time (Min) | 15 (10,20) | 15 (10,15) | 15 (10,20) | 15 (10,20) | 0.209†|
 Sperm concentration (106/ml) | 46.6 ± 10.7 | 45.7 ± 11.3 | 47.1 ± 11.2 | 47.0 ± 12.0 | 0.912†|
 Total sperm number (106) | 193.7 ± 56.5 | 182.3 ± 59.8 | 179.1 ± 58.8 | 171.4 ± 52.2 | 0.166†|
 Progressive spermmotility, % | 21.4 ± 6.4 | 20.8 ± 4.3 | 21.5 ± 3.0 | 21.4 ± 5.2 | 0.572†|
 Total sperm motility, % | 37.9 ± 6.5 | 37.4 ± 4.6 | 36.0 ± 3.3 | 37.5 ± 5.5 | 0.695†|
Normal sperm morphology, % | 9 (6, 12) | 8 (6, 12) | 9 (7, 12) | 8 (6, 12) | 0.914†|
Length of infertility (Year) | 3(1, 6) | 2(1, 5) | 2(1, 3) | 3(1, 5) | 0.251†|
Testosterone (nmol/l) | 16.2 ± 1.2 | 15.6 ± 1.7 | 16.0 ± 1.2 | 15.7 ± 1.6 | 0.084†|
Follicle stimulating hormone (mIU/ml) | 3.9 ± 1.1 | 4.0 ± 1.7 | 4.0 ± 1.3 | 3.8 ± 1.6 | 0.881†|
Luteinizing hormone (mIU/ml) | 3.8 ± 1.0 | 3.6 ± 0.7 | 3.7 ± 0.6 | 3.8 ± 0.6 | 0.572†|
Estradiol (pmol/l) | 74.7 ± 23.8 | 67.5 ± 19.9 | 71.0 ± 22.3 | 70.8 ± 22.5 | 0.373†|
Prolactin (mIU/l) | 124.3 ± 13.6 | 121.7 ± 15.3 | 121.0 ± 19.6 | 123.1 ± 18.4 | 0.733†|
Karyotype | |||||
 Normal, % | 100 (63/63) | 100 (55/55) | 100 (48/48) | 100 (66/66) | NS |
Routine urine test | |||||
 WBC, % | |||||
  (+) | 4.8 (3/63) | 3.6 (2/55) | 4.2 (2/48) | 3.0 (2/66) | 0.652* |
  (−) | 95.2 (60/63) | 96.4 (53/55) | 95.8 (46/48) | 97.0 (64/66) | |
Ligation of internal spermatic vein, % | |||||
 Yes | 14.3 (9/63) | 12.7 (7/55) | 10.4 (5/48) | 7.6 (5/66) | 0.943* |
 No | 85.7 (54/63) | 87.3 (48/55) | 89.6 (43/48) | 92.4 (61/66) | |
Testicular volume | |||||
 Left (ml) | 21.3 ± 4.4 | 18.5 ± 4.0 | 21.7 ± 4.4 | 20.0 ± 4.2 | 0.067†|
 Right (ml) | 22.2 ± 3.6 | 19.7 ± 4.1 | 22.6 ± 3.5 | 20.6 ± 4.0 | 0.082†|
Prostatic enlargement, % | |||||
 Yes | 11.1 (7/63) | 9.1 (5/55) | 12.5 (6/48) | 12.1 (8/66) | 0.644* |
 No | 88.9 (58/63) | 90.9(50/55) | 87.5 (42/48) | 87.9 (58/66) | |
History of chronic prostatitis, % | |||||
 Yes | 6.4 (4/63) | 12.7 (7/55) | 12.5 (6/48) | 10.6 (7/66) | 0.067* |
 No | 93.7 (59/63) | 87.3(48/55) | 87.5 (42/48) | 89.4 (59/66) | |
History of seminal vesiculitis, % | |||||
 Yes | 3.2 (2/63) | 1.8 (1/55) | 4.2 (2/48) | 3.0 (2/66) | 0.954* |
 No | 96.8 (61/63) | 98.2 (54/55) | 95.8 (46/48) | 97.0 (64/66) | |
Hematospermia, % | |||||
 Yes | 3.2 (2/63) | 1.8 (1/55) | 2.1 (1/48) | 3.0 (2/66) | 0.957* |
 No | 96.8 (61/63) | 98.2 (54/55) | 97.9 (47/48) | 97.0 (64/66) | |