Table 1 Narrative review of the literature about fournier’s gangrene

Bensardi FZ et al. [10]

2021

70 M,

14 F

84

49

ND

13

ND

0

ND

6

Vargo E et al. [11]

2021

M

1

64

1

9

0

0

ND

0

Trama F et al. [12]

2021

M

1

56

1

ND

0

1

Escherichia coli, Bacteroides caccae

0

Elahabadi I et al. [13]

2021

M

1

25

1

30

1

ND

ND

0

De La Torre M et al. [14]

2021

M

1

24

1

24

1

ND

Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A)

0

Winyard JC et al. [15]

2021

M

1

16

1

ND

ND

ND

ND

0

Gul MO et al. [16]

2021

13 M,

9 F

22

56.7

 ± 12.1

2.7 ± 2.4

24.1 ± 18.9

10

ND

E. Coli(5) + S. aureus (1)/

Proteus (1)/

 + Corynebacterium (1)/ + Enterococcus (1)/ + Acinetobacter (2), P. Mirabilis(1), A. baumannii (1), P. Anaerobium (1), K. pneumoniae + Acinetobacter (1), S. Agalactie (1), E. faecium (3), S. Epidermidis (1), B. fragilis (1), Pseudomonas + E. Faecium (1)

6

Rivera-Alvarez F et al. [17]

2021

M

1

65

1

ND

ND

ND

E. Coli, E. Faecalis, and Bacteroides species

ND

Michalczyk Ł et al. [18]

2021

M

35

58

3 (13)

2 (22)

26 (13)

23 (22)

ND

13

E. Coli, P. Aeruginosa, E. Faceais

4

Moon JY et al. [19]

2021

M

1

66

2

15

1

0

ND

0

Lahouar R et al. [20]

2021

M

1

35

1

15

1

ND

S. Aureus

0

Shah T et al. [21]

2021

M

1

62

1

17

0

0

ND

0

Tsuge I et al. [22]

2021

M

1

64

3

ND

0

0

E. tarda and S. anginosus, E. Coli, E. Faecalis

0

Duarte I et al. [23]

2021

M

1

65

1

ND

1

0

E. Coli, E. Faecalis, K. Pneumoniae, P. Mirabilis, C.albicans

1

Wong R et al. [24]

2021

65 M, 14F

79

60

1 (62), 2 (17)

5

13

ND

ND

13

Beecroft NJ et al. [25]

2021

33 F, 110 M

143

55 F, 53.5 M

2

11 (M), 13 (F)

ND

ND

Gram positive, gram negative, fungal

2 F, 8 M

Oyelowo N et al. [26]

2021

M

31

60 ± 12

1–2 (24), 3–4 (5), > 4 (2)

15 (2), 20–30 (19), 35–42 (8), > 42(2)

4

ND

Polymicrobial flora (most common: E. coli)

3

Kundan M et al. [27]

2021

M

1

50

 > 1

ND

ND

ND

ND

0

Parkin CJ et al. [28]

2021

M

1

51

 > 2

20

1

ND

ND

0

Grabińska A et al. [29]

2021

M

1

60

 > 1

46

1

ND

E. Coli, P. Aeruginosa

0

Sahra S et al. [30]

2021

M

1

45

2

ND

0

0

A. schaalii

0

Provenzano D et al. [31]

2021

M

1

66

3

20

ND

0

E. coli

0

Elbeddini A et al. [32]

2021

F

1

71

4

14

ND

ND

Gram-positive cocci (S. anginosus), bacilli Gram-negative, Gram-positive

0

Kostovski O et al. [33]

2021

F

1

59

2

35

1

ND

ND

0

El Hasbani G et al. [34]

2021

M

1

69

1

ND

ND

0

K. pneumoniae, C. albicans

1

Voordeckers M et al. [35]

2020

M

1

53

2

ND

ND

0

P. aeruginosa

1

Sihombing AT et al. [36]

2020

M

1

80

2

ND

1

ND

ND

1

Maghsoudi LH et al. [37]

2020

M

1

30

1

21

ND

ND

ND

0

Zhang N et al. [38]

2020

10 M, 2 F

12

60

ND

ND

3

10

E. coli, P.aeruginosa, E. Faecalis, S.aureus, Acinetobacter

1

Rakusic Z et al. [39]

2020

M

1

76

3

49

ND

ND

P. mirabilis, P. aeruginosa, E. faecalis

1

Kasbawala K et al. [40]

2020

F

1

37

6

28

1

ND

ND

0

Barone M et al. [41]

2020

M

1

80

1

7

1

ND

ND

0

Batmaz O et al. [42]

2020

M

1

70

3

ND

1

ND

Klebsiella pneumoniae spp

1

Syllaios A et al. [43]

2020

M

1

66

3

25

ND

1

S. anginosus, S. aureus e C. koserii

0

Padilla ME et al. [44]

2020

M

1

5

1

56

ND

1

S. Marcences

0

Creta M et al. [45]

2020

152 M, 9 F

161

66.5 ± 15.2

139

ND

ND

72

ND

46

Hatipoglu E et al. [46]

2020

31 M, 4 F

35

58.14 ± 12.71

 > 1

ND

12

2

ND

2

Elbeddini A et al. [47]

2020

M

1

72

3

30

ND

1

Bacteroides ovatus, Prevotella denticola e Actinomyces species

0

Ellegård L et al. [48]

2020

F

1

52

4

18

1

1

Mixed flora (aerobi e anaerobi)

0

Lindsay PJ et al. [49]

2020

M

1

51

6

30

1

ND

ND

0

Hyun DW et al. [50]

2020

M

1

62

 > 3

84

1

1

ND

0

Dowd K et al. [51]

2019

M

1

43

2

ND

1

0

ND

0

Del Zingaro M et al. [52]

2019

M

1

52

1

17

0

ND

S.lugdunensis

0

Zhang C et al. [53]

2019

13 M 3 F

16

30–76

1

29.6

ND

16

ND

0

Del Zingaro M et al. [6]

2019

M

1

76

1

ND

0

1

P. Putita, S. Maltophilia, S. Haemolyticus, S. Warneri

0

Amin A et al. [54]

2019

M

1

45

4

40

1

ND

S. aureus, F. magna, C. amycolatum

0

Nagano Y et al. [55]

2019

M

1

34

1

41

0

ND

Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

0

Kus NJ et al. [56]

2019

F

1

84

1

ND

1

1

Mixed flora,

A. europaeus and A. schaalii

0

Rodler S et al. [57]

2019

M

1

39

2

27

1

1

Peptostreptococcus anaerobius,

C. Albicans

0

Çalışkan S et al. [58]

2019

35 M 1 F

36

59.27 ± 12.91

 > 1

19 ± 10.44

ND

ND

E. coli (1), E.coli e Corynebacterium (2), E.coli e C. albicans (2), A. turicensis (1), B. fragilis (1), S.aureus (MRSA. 2)

1

Magdaleno-Tapial J et al. [59]

2019

M

1

38

2

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

Joury A et al. [60]

2019

M

1

51

1

ND

1

1

S. aureus (MRSA), Edwardsiella tarda, K. oxytoca, anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria, Prevotella

ND

Sparenborg JD et al. [61]

2019

41 M 1 F

42

53.45

3.2

19.6

11

ND

ND

3

Elshimy Get al. [62]

2019

M

1

57

2

ND

ND

1

ND

ND

Lin HC et al. [63]

2019

56 M 4 F

60

53.0 ± 15.9

1 (51), 2(8), 3(1)

ND

ND

2

E. Coli, E. Faecalis, P. Mirabilis, K. Pneumoniae, Peptostreptococco, P. Aeruginosa

1

Rachana K et al. [64]

2019

M

1

50

1

18

0

ND

E. Coli, B. Fragilis, F. varium, P.aeruginosa

0

Louro JM et al. [65]

2019

14 M, 1F

15

66.9

3.3

46.8

ND

ND

mixed flora (7), negative results (2). MO found: S.aureus, E.faecalis, E. coli, A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa, S.pyogenes, E. faecium, E. cloacae, K. pneumoniae, S.epidermidis, B. fragilis, Corynebacterium, Candida albicans, A.fumigatus. multidrug resistant S.aureus (1)

ND

Escobar-Vidarte MF et al. [66]

2019

F

1

80

1

ND

ND

1

ND

0

Onder CE et al. [67]

2019

M

1

64

3

30

ND

ND

ND

0

Heijkoop B et al. [68]

2019

ND

14

ND

6

36

8

3

ND

1

Mostaghim A et al. [69]

2019

M

1

38

1

ND

0

1

E. coli, E. faecalis, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, S. agalactiae, Clostridium clostridioform, Gram-positive bacilli e cocci

0

Zhou Z et al. [70]

2019

M

1

58

1

ND

1

ND

ND

0

Majdoub W et al. [71]

2019

F

1

70

0

0

1

0

E. Coli, Bacteroides spp

1

Aslan N et al. [72]

2019

M

1

12

1

8 h

1

0

P. Aeruginosa

1

AlShehri YA et al. [73]

2019

M

1

58

1

60

ND

1

ND

0

Moussa et al. [74]

2019

M

1

58

1

18

0

0

S. aureus, E. coli

0

Hahn et al. [75]

2018

33 M 11F

44

54.4

3.3

47

18

ND

Polymicrobial flora (Escherichia coli, Enterococcus, Staphylococcus, Klebsiella) (7),

Monomicrobial flora (Staphylococcus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Candida) (22)

9

Overholt et al. [76]

2018

M

1

44

2

13

0

0

Escherichia coli, Enterococcus avium, Gemella morbillorum

0

Pehlivanli et al. [77]

2018

19 M 4F

23

65.9

6

18

ND

ND

Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Staphylococci, Enterobacter

5

Kranz et al.[78]

2018

154 M

154

62.7

4.2

26.6

104

13

mixed flora (73), Streptococci (12), Staphylococci (10), Enterococcus (10), Citrobacter (1), Pseudomonas (1), Candida (2)

17

Kobayashi et al. [79]

2018

M

1

68

1

59

1

0

Escherichia coli

0

Pandey et al. [80]

2018

M

1

65

1

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

Matsuura et al. [81]

2018

M

1

88

ND

ND

ND

0

ND

1

Sen et al. [82]

2018

M

1

47

1

18

0

0

Rhizobium radiobacter

0

Elsaket et al. [83]

2018

43 M 1F

44

51

1.33

26

6

ND

Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter, Streptococcus pyogenes, Proteus mirabilis,

5

Takano et al. [84]

2018

F

1

44

1

ND

ND

0

Streptococcus constellatus, Clostridium ramosum

1

Semenič et al. [85]

2018

M

1

30

2

16

1

0

Escherichia coli, Bacteroides fragilis, Prevotella oralis, Streptococcus anginosus

0

Abbas-Shereef et al. [86]

2018

M

1

71

 > 1

30

1

0

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Candida albicans, Staphylococci, Group A Streptococcus

0

Wetterauer et al. [87]

2018

20 M

20

66

4

ND

15

0

Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa

3

Demir et al. [88]

2018

49 M 25F

74

57.6

1.87

23.18

ND

ND

Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococci, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacteroides, Proteus, Clostridium

6

Chen et al. [89]

2018

M

1

29

2

11

1

0

Streptococcus Agalactiae, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Escherichia coli, peptostreptococci, Prevotella corporis

0

Yuan et al. [90]

2018

M

1

62

1

ND

1

ND

Enterococcus avium, Escherichia coli

ND

Katsimantas et al. [91]

2018

M

1

68

2

17

0

0

Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus gordonii, Prevotella melaninogenica

0

Althunayyan et al. [92]

2018

F

1

36

2

31

1

0

Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii

0

Pittaka et al. [93]

2018

F

1

24

 > 1

14

ND

ND

ND

0

Taylor et al. [94]

2018

F

1

58

1

ND

1

ND

Bacteroides fragilis, Clostridium ramosum, Gram positive cocci

1

Dos Santos et al. [95]

2018

29 M 11F

40

51.7

1.8

19.6

9

ND

ND

9

Fukui et al. [96]

2018

M

1

85

1

104

1

0

Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Escherichia coli, Staphylococci

0

Kuzaka et al. [97]

2018

13 M

13

59.6

 > 1

31.9

0

ND

Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, Klebsiella, Staphylococcus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Escherichia coli

0

Goel et al. [98]

2018

M

1

60

1

14

0

0

ND

0

Ghodoussipour et al. [99]

2018

54 M

54

49.3

3.9

37.5

53

ND

ND

3

Tenório et al. [100]

2018

99 M, 25F

124

50.8

ND

21.7

ND

1

Escherichia coli, Proteus, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Staphylococci, Enterococcus, Clostridium

32

Weimer et al. [101]

2017

M

1

55

 > 1

90

1

0

Parabacteroides distasonis, Prevotella melaninogenica, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Bacteroides

0

Wähmann et al. [102]

2017

F

1

46

3

ND

1

ND

Streptococci, Enterobacteria, gram + 

0

Wang et al. [103]

2017

M

1

61

1

ND

ND

ND

Klebsiella pneumoniae

0

Yücel et al. [104]

2017

11 M, 14F

25

54.3

2.4

21.4

ND

0

ND

1

Üreyen et al. [105]

2017

18 M, 11F

29

51.5

1.8

11.5

17

ND

Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter, Streptococci, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella,

6

Dell’Atti et al. [106]

2017

M

1

75

1

28

1

0

ND

0

Yanaral et al. [107]

2017

54 M

54

58.3

1.4

15.3

ND

0

ND

4

Chia et al. [108]

2017

42 M, 17F

59

56

 > 1

19

11

ND

Streptococci, Escherichia coli, Prevotella

9

Kordahi et al. [109]

2017

M

1

57

 > 1

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

Hong et al. [110]

2017

18 M, 2F

20

61.8

1.55

36.9

15

0

Escherichia coli, Streptococci, Proteus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus

5

Sanders et al. [111]

2017

M

1

70

2

ND

1

0

Escherichia coli, P. mirabilis

0

Ferretti et al. [112]

2017

19 M, 1F

20

56

4

31.7

17

4

ND

3

Kumar et al. [113]

2017

M

1

41

2

15

1

0

Streptococcus anginosus, anaerobes, Gram -

0

Ioannidis et al. [9]

2017

20 M, 4F

24

58.9

1

16

18

3

Escherichia coli (11), Klebsiella pneumoniae (3), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3), Acinetobacter baumannii (2), Proteus mirabilis (2), Providencia stuartii (1)

5

Bocchiotti et al. [114]

2017

M

1

40

3

ND

0

0

Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pyogenes, Prevotella loescheii

0

Choi et al. [115]

2017

F

1

31

1

17

0

0

Streptococcus anginosus, Pseudomonas, Clostridium

0

Sawayama et al. [116]

2017

M

1

66

1

ND

0

0

ND

0

Lauerman et al. [117]

2017

125 M, 43F

168

ND

 > 1

ND

92

0

Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Clostridium difficile

6

Smith et al. [118]

2017

M

1

50

 > 1

ND

1

0

ND

0

Baek et al. [119]

2017

F

1

57

1

ND

1

ND

ND

0

Huang et al. [120]

2017

M

1

46

1

ND

1

0

ND

0

Morais et al. [121]

2017

12 M, 3F

15

70

ND

32

ND

0

Escherichia coli, Proteus, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis

4

Okumura et al. [122]

2017

M

1

70

1

39

1

0

Klebsiella pneumoniae, Group G Streptococcus

0

Osbun et al. [123]

2017

ND

165

53.4

1.97

16.6

43

ND

ND

11

Kahn et al. [124]

2017

M

147

52

2.5

19

112

ND

ND

11

Misiakos et al. [125]

2017

47 M,

15F

62

63.7

4.8

19.7

32

0

ND

11

Obi [126]

2017

4 M

4

34.3

1

17.3

0

0

Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis

0

Pernetti et al. [127]

2016

M

1

70

1

21

1

ND

ND

0

Faria et al. [128]

2016

M

1

46

1

4

1

0

ND

0

Ozkan et al. [129]

2016

7 M, 5F

12

62.4

5.7

19.6

ND

0

Polymicrobial flora (6), monomicrobica (6)

0

Yoshino et al. [130]

2016

M

1

64

1

33

1

0

Streptococcus. alpha-emolitico

0

Crowell et al. [131]

2016

M

1

54

3

18

1

0

Rhizopus (zygomycosis)

1

Taken et al. [132]

2016

57 M, 8F

65

52.5

2.5

9.2

13

0

Escherichia coli, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter, Bacteroides, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus, Clostridium

6

Wanis et al. [133]

2016

M

1

28

1

14

1

0

ND

0

Sheehy et al. [134]

2016

M

1

48

2

ND

1

0

Polymicrobial flora

0

Sarkut et al. [135]

2016

32 M,

32F

64

57

3

16.6

ND

ND

ND

18

Sinha et al. [136]

2015

F

1

30

1

ND

1

ND

ND

0

Chalya et al. [137]

2015

82 M, 2F

84

34

ND

28

ND

ND

ND

24

Namkoong et al. [138]

2015

M

1

61

1

ND

1

0

ND

0

Mohor et al. [139]

2015

M

1

59

 > 1

ND

1

0

ND

0

McCormack et al. [140]

2015

25 M

25

56.6

1.4

ND

3

ND

Polymicrobial flora

5

Tarchouli et al. [141]

2015

64 M, 8F

72

51

3.2

28.7

17

56

Polymicrobial flora (37), Monomicrobial flora (1)

12

Paonam et al. [142]

2015

M

1

65

1

ND

1

0

Escherichia coli, Enterococcus

0

Oguz et al. [143]

2015

34 M, 9F

43

52

 > 1

ND

43

0

Polymicrobial flora (Escherichia coli 48%)

6

Asahata et al. [144]

2015

M

1

70

1

ND

0

0

Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli

0

Ye et al. [145]

2015

M

1

47

1

21

0

0

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

0

Danesh et al. [146]

2015

8 M

8

44

 > 1

ND

ND

0

Enterococcus, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Proteus, Clostridium

3

Ossibi et al. [147]

2015

M

1

60

1

ND

0

0

ND

0

Grassi et al. [8]

2015

2 M

2

42.5

0.5

ND

2

1

Staphylococcus warneri

1

Sarmah et al. [148]

2015

M

1

68

1

1

1

0

Bacteroides fragilis

1

Papadimitriou et al. [149]

2015

M

1

56

1

90

1

0

Polymicrobial flora

0

Ozsaker et al. [150]

2015

M

1

69

1

ND

0

0

ND

0

Toh et al. [151]

2014

M

1

61

6

ND

1

0

Polymicrobial flora

0

Parry et al. [152]

2014

M

1

48

1

ND

0

0

ND

0

Tena et al. [153]

2014

M

1

73

1

55

1

0

Actinomyces funkei, Clostridium hathewayi, Fusobacterium necrophorum

0

Matilsky et al. [154]

2014

M

1

51

4

30

1

0

Polymicrobial flora

0

Lee et al. [155]

2014

3 M

3

50.7

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

Di Serafino et al. [156]

2014

M

1

63

1

ND

ND

ND

ND

0

Galukande et al. [157]

2014

2 M

2

35.5

2.5

ND

0

0

ND

0

Tattersall et al. [158]

2014

M

1

61

2

47

1

ND

Escherichia coli

0

Omisanjo et al. [159]

2014

11 M

11

51.9

 > 1

22.7

7

0

Klebsiella (10), Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, no microbes (1)

0

Rubegni et al. [160]

2014

2 M

2

58.5

1

ND

1

0

ND

1

Dinc et al. [161]

2014

M

1

51

 > 1

16

0

0

ND

0

Dayan et al. [162]

2014

M

1

27

 > 1

ND

0

0

ND

0

Ludolph et al. [163]

2014

3 M

3

48.7

 > 1

ND

0

0

ND

0

Ozkan et al. [129]

2014

7 M, 5 F

12

62.4

5.7

19.6

ND

0

Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus, Stafilococcus aureus, Proteus, Corynebacterium, Polymicrobial flora (6)

ND

Shimizu et al. [164]

2014

M

1

74

2

ND

0

0

Proteus vulgaris, Prevotella denticola, Peptostreptococcus species

ND

Ho et al. [165]

2014

F

1

78

1

14

0

0

ND

1

Aslanidis et al. [166]

2014

F

1

23

 > 1

ND

1

0

Candida albicans, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Klebsiella pneumoniae

0

D’Arena et al. [167]

2014

M

1

66

1

ND

0

0

ND

0

Perkins et al. [168]

2014

M

1

73

1

ND

0

0

Candida albicans

0

Sliwinski et al. [169]

2014

M

1

24

 > 1

ND

1

0

ND

0

Agostini et al. [170]

2014

M

1

64

2

58

1

1

Staphylococcus epidermidis, Proteus mirabilis, Enterococcus faecalis

0

Oymaci et al. [171]

2014

10 M, 6F

16

61.2

4.44

25.5

ND

0

Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus

3

Eskitascioglu et al. [172]

2014

76 M, 4F

80

53.5

1.55

34.78

ND

0

Polymicrobial flora (14), Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus, Acinetobacter baumanii, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Proteus, etc

3

Yilmazlar et al. [173]

2014

81 M, 39F

120

58

3

14.5

48

0

Escherichia coli, Streptococci, Enterococci, Staphylococci, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Proteus, fungi

25

Akbulut et al. [174]

2014

M

1

77

1

20

0

0

Escherichia coli

0

Coyne et al. [175]

2014

M

1

48

1

ND

0

0

ND

0

Li et al. [176]

2014

48 M, 3 F

51

49.7

 > 1

17

ND

0

Escherichia coli, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas, Proteus, Clostridium, Bacteroides

6

Oyaert et al. [177]

2014

M

1

43

1

63

1

0

Atopobium

0

Lee et al. [178]

2013

M

1

47

 > 1

ND

0

0

Enterococcus, Enterobacter

0

Abate et al. [179]

2013

M

1

63

1

21

0

0

Enterococcus faecalis, Citrobacter freundii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides ovatus

0

Anantha et al. [180]

2013

M

1

59

1

16

1

0

Streptococcus anginosus

0

Benjelloun et al. [181]

2013

44 M, 6F

50

48

2.5

21

11

0

Escherichia coli, Klebsiella

12

Pastore et al. [182]

2013

M

1

60

 > 1

34

0

1

Streptococcus A

0

Eray et al. [183]

2013

34 M, 14F

48

53.7

ND

25.3

ND

0

ND

9

Bjurlin et al. [184]

2013

40 M, 1F

41

49

ND

ND

ND

ND

Polymicrobial flora (34), Bacteroides (43.9%), Escherichia coli (36.6%), Prevotella, Streptococci, Staphylococcus aureus

2

Park et al. [185]

2013

M

1

59

 > 1

ND

0

0

ND

0

Subramaniam et al. [186]

2013

M

1

80

3

ND

1

0

Escherichia coli, Anaerobes

0

Sabzi Sarvestani et al. [187]

2013

28 M

28

44.6

2.2

17.22

ND

0

Escherichia coli, Bacteroides, Streptococci, Enterococci, Staphylococci, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Proteus

10

Katib et al. [188]

2013

20 M

20

55.95

1.7

22.3

1

0

Acinetobacter spp. (most common)

0

Czymek et al. [189]

2013

72 M, 14F

86

57.9

4

52

52

ND

Polymicrobial flora (71), Escherichia coli, Enterococci, Streptococci, Pseudomonas, Staphylococci, etc

14

Akilov et al. [190]

2013

28 M

28

47.1

3.5

24.4

8

0

Monomicrobial flora (18), Staphylococci, Streptococci, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas

0

Bakari et al. [191]

2013

10 M

10

50.5

ND

ND

ND

0

ND

ND

Avakoudjo et al. [192]

2013

ND

72

ND

ND

72

ND

ND

Escherichia coli, Staphylococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella

7

Chan et al. [193]

2013

M

1

78

1

ND

1

0

Escherichia coli

0

Chan et al. [194]

2013

M

1

49

15

ND

0

0

Escherichia coli, Streptococci, Arcanobacterium

0

Aliyu et al. [195]

2013

43 M

43

37.82

 > 1

28

ND

0

Polymicrobial flora (27)

6

Ozkan et al. [196]

2013

F

1

43

4

ND

1

0

ND

0

Khan et al. [197]

2013

M

1

47

3

ND

1

0

ND

0

Kumar et al. [198]

2013

30 M

30

39.6

2.2

9.7

ND

0

Escherichia coli, anaerobes, Streptococci, Pseudomonas, Staphylococci

6

Total

2463 M

456 F

3423

-

-

-

894

212

-

455