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Table 2 Effects of hypotaurine supplementation on standard semen parameters

From: Beneficial effects of hypotaurine supplementation in preparation and freezing media on human sperm cryo-capacitation and DNA quality

 

H-

H+

ES [C.I.]

Vitality (%, n = 33)

39.0 ± 2.9

45.5 ± 3.2 (+  16.7%) ***

0.35 [0.16; 0.57]

Normozoospermic patients (n = 19)

39.2 ± 3.8

44.7 ± 4.3 (+  14.0%) *

0.29 [0.03; 0.59]

Patients with abnormal sperm (n = 14)

38.7 ± 4.8

46.6 ± 5.0 (+  20.4%) *

0.40 [0.10; 0.74]

Total motilty (%, n = 33)

36.5 ± 3.5

44.4 ± 3.6 (+ 21.6%) **

0.38 [0.07; 0.69]

Normozoospermic patients (n = 19)

37.1 ± 4.5

42.3 ± 4.3 (+  14.0%)

0.26 [0.10; 0.63]

Patients with abnormal sperm (n = 14)

35.6 ± 5.7

47.1 ± 6.4 (+  32.3%) *

0.54 [0.01; 1.13]

Progressive motility (%, n = 33)

17.3 ± 2.1

24.2 ± 2.3 (+  39.9%) **

0.53 [0.15; 0.94]

Normozoospermic patients (n = 19)

18.7 ± 2.8

26.2 ± 3.5 (+  40.1%) **

0.51 [0.01; 1.04]

Patients with abnormal sperm (n = 14)

15.4 ± 3.1

21.6 ± 2.8 (+  40.3%) *

0.48 [0.05; 1.05]

  1. Values are represented as mean ± SEM for percentage (%). “H -”: sperm cells were processed by density gradient centrifugation (DGC), washed and frozen without hypotaurine supplementation. “H +”: sperm cells were processed by DGC, washed and frozen in the presence of 50 mM hypotaurine. After thawing the percentage of viable (vitality), motile (total and progressive motility) spermatozoa was measured. H+ and H- conditions were compared using paired Student t-test or non-parametric test when assumptions of t-test were not met. The results were also expressed using effect-size (ES) and 95% confidence interval (C.I.). *, **, *** indicate a significant difference with p < 0.05, p < 0.01 and p < 0.001 in comparison with condition H-