Group | TD (μm) | MI (%) | SP (%) | JS |
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Control (2 M) | 8.07 ± 0.02a | 68.24 ± 0.39d | 90.21 ± 0.52 h | 9.41 ± 0.57 l |
Sham (2 M) | 7.80 ± 0.26 | 67.52 ± 0.09e | 89.21 ± 0.45i | 8.16 ± 0.75 m |
V.I (2 M) | 7.38 ± 0.04a | 31.92 ± 0.78de | 30.27 ± 0.93hi | 6.04 ± 0.45 lm |
Control (4 M) | 7.97 ± 0.31b | 67.35 ± 0.79f | 90.04 ± 1.05j | 9.84 ± 1.25n |
Sham (4 M) | 7.68 ± 0.17 | 67.08 ± 0.47 g | 88.00 ± 0.57 k | 9.00 ± 0.30o |
V.I-ALA− | 7.44 ± 0.16bc | 29.88 ± 1.42 fg | 32.27 ± 0.74jk | 5.43 ± 0.58no |
V.I-ALA+ | 8.10 ± 0.07c | 57.92 ± 0.44 fg | 67.56 ± 0.97jk | 7.53 ± 0.15no |
- In the 2 M VCL group, measures of MI, SP and JS showed a significant decrease compared to the control and sham groups. While TD showed a significant decrease compared to the control but not sham group. At 4 months, measures of TD, MI, SP and JS were significantly decreased in the V.I-ALA− group compared to the control and treated group (V.I-ALA+). ALA Alpha lipoic acid, M Month post-surgery or varicocele induction (V.I), TD Tubular diameter, EH Epithelium height, MI Mitotic index, SP Spermatogenesis percentage and JS Johnson score. Statistical analysis (one way ANOVA) for each time point (2 or 4 M) and for each parameter was carried out between groups and the groups which showed significant different (p-value < 0.05) were defined by common alphabetic letters