Fig. 3From: Excessive unilateral proliferation of spermatogonia in a patient with non-obstructive azoospermia – adverse effect of clomiphene citrate pre-treatment?Immunohistochemical analysis of cell sex hormone receptors. Pictures a, c, and e show intact spermatogenesis (NSP) as control, pictures b, d, and f show spermatogonial arrest (patient’s left testis). a, b In both, control and spermatogonial arrest, androgen receptor (AR) was expressed in Sertoli cells (circle), peritubular myoid cells (lined arrows) and Leydig cells (lined arrowheads). c, d In both specimen, estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) was expressed in primary spermatocytes (black arrowhead) and spermatogonia (black arrows). e, f In NSP and spermatogonial arrest, membrane-bound G-protein coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1) was expressed in peritubular myoid cells (lined arrows). AEC detection, bar 50 μm (inset bar 25 μm), inset as negative control without first antibodyBack to article page