Table 2 Pathophysiology of cryptorchidism induced infertility. Treatment with GnRH permanently stimulates alternative pathway to induce transition of gonocytes and undifferentiated spermatogonia into Ad spermatogonia
From: On the descent of the epididymo-testicular unit, cryptorchidism, and prevention of infertility
FGFR1 | FGFR1 ↓ | FGFR1 ↓ |
↓ | ↓ | ↓ |
PROK2 | PROK2 ↓ | PROK2 ↓ |
↓ | ↓ | │ ← GnRH |
GnRH | GnRH ↓ | EGR2 / EGR3 ↑ |
↓ | ↓ | ↓ |
EGR4 / PITX1 | EGR4 /PITX1 ↓ | LH ↑ |
↓ | │ | ↓ |
LH | LH ↓ | HSD17 B2 ↑ |
↓ | │ | CYP19A1 ↑ |
Testosterone | Testosterone ↓ | Testosterone ↑ |
↓ | ↓ | ↓ |
T-brachyury,POU2F2 | T-brachyury ↓ | POU2F2 ↑T-brachyury ↑ |
↓ | ↓ | ↓ |
Ad | No Ad | Ad |
↓ | ↓ | ↓ |
Fertility | Infertility | Fertility |