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Table 1 Mammalian sperm functions regulated by some selected oestrogens (17β-estradiol, catechol oestrogens, diethylstilbestrol, estrone, estriol, ethynylestradiol, genistein)

From: Interactions between oestrogen and 1α,25(OH)2-vitamin D3 signalling and their roles in spermatogenesis and spermatozoa functions

Molecule

Event

Species

Effect

Reference

17β-estradiol (E2)

Viability

Human

No effect

[89]

ROS production

Human

No effect

[89]

DNA integrity

Human

-/no effect

[89, 90]

Motility

Human

Golden hamster

Stallion

+/no effect

+

-

[14, 89, 9195]

Capacitation

Human, mouse, boar

bovine

+

No effect

[14, 95, 98100], [102] a [103]

Acrosome reaction

Human

Boar

Mouse

Bovine, stallion

+/no effect

+

+/-

No effect

[92, 95, 98100], [102] a [103]

Progesterone stimulated calcium and induced acrosome reaction

Human

-

[3]

Fertilizing ability

Mouse

+

[99]

Lipolytic effect

Human

+

[14]

Glucose metabolism and insulin secretion

Human

+

[14]

Catechol oestrogens (2OHE2, 4OHE2)

Viability

Human

-/no effect

[89]

ROS production

Human

+

[89]

DNA integrity

Human

-/no effect

[89]

Motility

Human

-

[89]

Diethylstilbestrol (DES)

Viability

Human

No effect

[89]

ROS production

Human

+

[89]

DNA integrity

Human

-/No effect

[89, 90]

Estrone (E1,) Estriol (E3), Ethynylestradiol (EE2)

Capacitation

Boar, mouse

+

[98, 101]

Acrosome reaction

Boar

Mouse

+

-

[98, 101]

Genistein

Viability

Human

No effect

[89]

ROS production

Human

+

[89]

DNA integrity

Human

-

[90]

Capacitation

Human, mouse, boar, bovine

+

[99, 100], [102] a [103]

Acrosome reaction

Human, mouse, boar

Bovine

+

No effect

[99, 100], [102] a [103]

Fertilizing ability

Mouse

+

[99]

  1. +: positive effect, -: negative effect and +/-: positive and negative effect
  2. a Effects dependent of the time and the concentration
  3. ROS reactive oxygen species
  4. DNA deoxyribonucleic acid