Authors | Heating | Nb a | Effect on sperm number | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Method | Daily duration | Frequency | During heating | After heating | ||||
Period w b | Mean value c | Start w | Max. value d | |||||
Robinson & Rock 1967 [90] | Insulating (oilcloth) underwear SAT e +0.8 °C | Daytime | Every day for 6 to 10 weeks | 10 | w 3–9 w 10 | <50% [5–20%] | w 1–3 w 10 w 11 w 12–14 | <50% 157% 225% 170% |
Wang et al. 1997 [91] | Athletic supports with either 1 or 2 layers of P f, or 1 P layer plus 1 Al g –impregnated P layer SAT +0.8–1 °C | >20 h | Every day for 24 to 52 weeks | 21 | No effect whatever the number or type of layers |