Successful pregnancies and healthy live births using frozen-thawed sperm retrieved by a new modified Hotchkiss procedure in males with retrograde ejaculation: first case series

Table 1 Patient characteristics, sperm and cryopreservation parameters

Patient	Age	Etiology of RE	Initial parameters in bladder sperm retrieval			Number of straws	Sperm parameters at post-thaw evaluation after Pentoxifylline addition
Patient	Age	Etiology of RE	Total number of spz retrieved from the bladder (Million)	Motile spermatozoa (%)	Spermatozoa with forward progression (%)	Number of straws	Motile spermatozoa/drop	Spermatozoa with forward progression (%)
1	33	SCI	20	10	5	5	5-20	5-10
2	30	SCI	12,2	10	5	8	5-20	0
3	30	SCI	3,5	2	2	12	5-20	20
4	34	SCI	11,8	25	5	6	>100	30
5	48	SCI	1	10	0	4	No	No
6	42	SCI	15,6	15	10	5	>100	30
7	54	TURP	0,1	60	10	8	20-100	20
8	39	SCI	0,5	10	5	7	5-20	5
9	31	D	2	30	10	6	20-100	60
10	37	SCI	1	5	0	6	<5	0

RE retrograde ejaculation, SCI Spinal cord injury, TURP transurethral resection of prostate, D Diabetes, Spz spermatozoa, No No post-thaw evaluation performed