Fig. 1
From: Micronutrient supplements as antioxidants in improving sperm quality and reducing DNA fragmentation
Images of sperm chromatin dispersion test are assessed from halo types: normal group includes (A) big halo spermatozoa (halo thickness equal to or larger than the length of the minor diameter of the core) and (B) medium halo spermatozoa (thickness less than the length of the minor diameter of the core and larger than 1/3 of the minor diameter of the core); abnormal group includes (C) small halo spermatozoa (thickness equal to or less than 1/3 diameter of the minor diameter of the core), (D) without halo spermatozoa, and (E) degraded spermatozoa (sperm show no halo and present a core irregularly or weakly stained, represent a subpopulation of spermatozoa with extensive DNA and nuclear protein damage)