Table 2 Comparison between preoperative hormonal assessment and seminogram, and follow-up values at 12- and 18-months post- Sleeve Gastrectomy Surgery

Total testosterone (nmol/L)

11.72 ± 4.91

20.66 ± 6.53 **

22.80 ± 4.80 **

Free testosterone (nmol/L)

0.24 ± 0.04

0.38 ± 0.13 *

0.38 ± 0.03 *

SHBG (nmol/L)

21.51 ± 11.06

40.46 ± 11.51 **

40.27 ± 13.37 **

FSH (UI/L)

4.21 ± 1.48

4.46 ± 1.00

5.25 ± 1.60 *

LH (UI/L)

2.93 ± 1.45

2.94 ± 1.91

3.21 ± 1.21

Estradiol (nmol/L)

0.11 ± 0.37

0.11 ± 0.03

0.10 ± 0.06

Prolactin (mUI/L)

223.06 ± 141.1

213.21 ± 155.03

214.24 ± 182.39

MOSH (N (%))

18 (33.3%)

0 *

0 *

Oligospermic patients, (N (%))

14 (25.9%)

10 (18.5%) **

9 (16.7%) **

Severe oligospermic patients (< 5 × 10⁶/ml), (N (%))

7 (12.9%)

2 (3.7%) **

2 (3.7%) **

Semen volume (mL)

2.8 ± 1.75

3.05 ± 1.38

2.96 ± 1.37

Semen pH

7.63 ± 0.29

7.66 ± 0.18

7.57 ± 0.10

Sperm count (×  10⁶ / mL)

2.95 ± 1.14

9.63 ± 1.28 *

9.87 ± 1.56 *

Total sperm number/ejaculate

8.26 ± 2.17

29.37 ± 2.21*

28.82 ± 2.25*

Leucocyte concentration (×  10⁶ / mL)

0.19 ± 0.37

0.11 ± 0.52

0.10 ± 0.49

Sperm progressive motility (%)

17.5 ± 2.61

19.1 ± 2.23

21.2 ± 2.11

Sperm with normal morphology (%)

15.83 ± 4.61

17.02 ± 4.32

16.45 ± 4.69

Teratzoospermia index (%)

1.62 ± 0.12

1.59 ± 0.21

1.60 ± 0.34