From: Vitamin D levels and human sperm DNA fragmentation: a prospective, cohort study
Total (n = 102) | Deficient Vitamin D (≤ 20 ng/mL) (N = 24) | Insufficient Vitamin D (21–29 ng/mL) (N = 43) | Sufficient Vitamin D (≥ 30 ng/mL) (N = 35) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean Age(range) | 31.5 (23–50) | 32.3 (26–47) | 31.4 (23–45) | 31.1 (23–50) | |
BMI kg/m2 (range) | 30.5 (18.3–52.4) | 33.9 (22.8–52.4)* | 31.2 (20.8–51.2)* | 27.3 (18.3–38.2) | |
Race(number(%)) | Caucasian | 92 (90.2) | 19 (18.6) | 42 (41.2) | 31 (30.4) |
African American | 2 (1.9) | 1 (.98) | 1 (.98) | 0 (0) | |
American Indian | 5 (4.9) | 2 (1.9) | 0 (0) | 3 (2.9) | |
Other | 3 (2.9) | 2 (1.9) | 0 (0) | 1 (.98) | |
Tobacco Usea,** (number(%)) | 22 (21.6) | 7 (6.9) | 10 (9.8) | 5 (4.9) | |
Alcohol Use** (number(%)) | 88 (86.3) | 19 (18.6) | 39 (38.2) | 30 (29.4) | |
Occupationb (number(%)) | Outside | 32 (31.4) | 3 (2.9) | 15 (14.7) | 14 (13.7) |
Inside | 70 (68.6) | 21 (20.6) | 28 (27.5) | 21 (20.6) |