Colibri® insecticide induces male reproductive toxicity: alleviating effects of Lannea acida (Anacardiaceae) in rats

Table 3 Effects of L. acida on spermatozoa abnormalities in colibri®-exposed rats

Treatments	Doses	Head abnormality	Tailless SPZ	Tail abnormality	Cytoplasmic droplet
Untreated	10 ml/kg	7.81 ± 0.25	0.60 ± 0.43	15.80 ± 0.92	0.34 ± 0.21
14 Days
Colibri® + DW	10 ml/kg	32.00 ± 3.16^###	5.99 ± 1.65	52.90 ± 1.16^###	5.68 ± 1.81
Colibri® + CC	2 mg/kg	13.14 ± 1.04***	2.27 ± 0.48	34.52 ± 1.53***	2.68 ± 0.98
Colibri® + Vit E	75 mg/kg	27.84 ± 4.27	3.27 ± 0.78	23.19 ± 1.27***	4.36 ± 2.27
Colibri® + AE	170 mg/kg	11.30 ± 2.05***	3.54 ± 1.05	28.84 ± 2.51***	2.35 ± 0.64
Colibri® + AE	340 mg/kg	8.46 ± 1.01***	1.45 ± 0.46*	27.17 ± 1.69***	1.81 ± 0.61
Colibri® + ME	170 mg/kg	4.58 ± 1.28***	1.74 ± 0.31*	23.72 ± 1.16***	0.66 ± 0.31
Colibri® + ME	340 mg/kg	8.82 ± 1.50***	1.17 ± 0.33**	24.52 ± 1.56***	0.67 ± 0.17
28 Days
Colibri® + DW	10 ml/kg	23.94 ± 2.54^###	11.51 ± 6.40	40.55 ± 9.38^##	3.96 ± 1.17^###
Colibri® + CC	2 mg/kg	12.27 ± 2.53*	4.48 ± 1.97	20.87 ± 2.01***	0.69 ± 0.31**
Colibri® + Vit E	75 mg/kg	26.90 ± 4.13	2.23 ± 1.21	16.43 ± 1.45***	2.16 ± 0.38
Colibri® + AE	170 mg/kg	7.76 ± 1.30***	1.72 ± 0.77	14.71 ± 2.00***	0.67 ± 0.31**
Colibri® + AE	340 mg/kg	4.78 ± 0.50***	0.99 ± 0.30	17.08 ± 2.27***	1.30 ± 0.42*
Colibri® + ME	170 mg/kg	10.38 ± 0.83**	2.26 ± 1.35	15.12 ± 1.57***	0.34 ± 0.34***
Colibri® + ME	340 mg/kg	5.94 ± 1.41***	3.38 ± 0.68	15.21 ± 1.32***	0.79 ± 0.44**

Number of rats per group = 5. All values are expressed as mean ± SEM
SPZ spermatozoa, DW distilled water, CC clomiphene citrate, Vit E vitamin E, AE aqueous extract, ME Methanol extract
##: p ≤ 0.01; ###: p ≤ 0.001 significantly different compared with untreated animals *: p ≤ 0.05; **: p ≤ 0.01; ***: p ≤ 0.001: significantly different compared with colibri® + DW group

ISSN: 2051-4190